Romanesque

Romanesque

Style of architecture prevalent in Medieval Europe in the late middle ages

Heavy mass and found arches

Romanesque architecture is characterized by ___ ___ and ___ ___ similar to earlier Roman construction

Basilica

The ___ form of early Christian churches is the norm

Cruciform

The Basilica form of Early Christian churches is the norm, Now transformed into a ___

Transept

a linear space set crosswise/ perpendicular to the main nave, creating cruciform church plan

Round Arches, Heavy Mass, Decorative Masonry, Horizontal Banding, Towers, Cylinders

Key Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

Round arches

Key Characteristics: used in great abundance; as structure to define openings in arcades, as barrel and groin vaults, also as decoration

Arcade

a succession of contiguous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers

arcades

Exterior ___ are designed to provide a sheltered walkway for pedestrians

Blind arcade

an arcade that is composed of a series of arches that has no actual openings and that is applied to the surface of a wall as a decorative element

Blind Arcades

___ can be made with pilasters or engaged columns

Blind Arcade

Arches attached to wall or other surface, for decorative purposes

Heavy Mass

Key Characteristics: Thick masonry walls with small openings; and thick structural piers, pilasters, and buttresses to support the outward thrust of high arched forms

stone vaulting

Romanesque churches often have ___ roofs as opposed to Early Christian church roofs

Buttress

a projecting structure for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building

Pilaster

An upright architectural member that is rectangular in plan and is structurally a pier but architecturally treated as a column

Decorative Masonry

Key Characteristics: ornamentation is primarily done through the elaboration of the brickwork or stonework, and as a bas-relief sculpture

Horizontal Banding

Key Characteristics: articulation of decorative layers of the building in contrasting lines of material

Towers

Key Characteristics: large and solid, serving as landmarks for the city. Often paired on a façade, and/or located at the crossing of transept and nave

Cylinders

Key characteristics: Multiple cylindrical forms around buildings

monumentality simple, horizontally-focused

Romanesque buildings gain their impact through their ___ and ___, ___-___ arrangement of architectural forms

Early Romanesque

The beginning of the style, where the structures have more of the austerity of Early Christian churches, but bigger and more masonry articulation

Main Romanesque

The main body of what we call Romanesque, with all the traits we associate with the style

High Romanesque

where the style becomes more elaborate in decoration, with layering, arcading, more decorative contrast, and more external sculpture

Spire

A tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, particularly a church tower

Cloister

A covered walk in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral, typically with wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other

Cloister

A ___ is usually the area in a monastery around which the principal builds are ranged, affording a means of communication between the buildings

Main church basilica, round or octagonal baptistery, detached or semi-detached campanile

Common Italian Church Layout:

High Romanesque

Elaborate blind arcades holding sculpture becomes more common in ___

Bands white green marble

Florence Baptistery is decorated with ___ of ___ and ___ ___

High Romanesque

Elaborate arcades with a wide variety of columns are more common in:

Main Church basilica, round or octagonal baptistery, and detached or semi-detached campanile

Common Italian Church Layout:

Transecpt

Nave

Arcade

Blind Arcade

Pilaster

Basilica of Saint-Sernin

The Basilica of Saint-Sernin

The Basilica of Saint-Sernin

The Basilica of Saint-Sernin

The Basilica of Saint-Sernin

Ley Puy Cathedral

Cloister

This space is an example of a:

Limburg Cathedral

Limburg Cathedral

Florence Baptistery

Florence Baptistery

Church of San Michele

Church of San Michele

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Siena Cathedral

Siena Cathedral

Romanesque

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Romanesque

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Romanesque

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High Romanesque

What era

High Romanesque

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High Romanesque

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High Romanesque

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High Romanesque

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