Pharm U3 Study Guide

vitamin D function

calcium absorption, bone health

vitamin D deficiency

osteoporosis, muscle cramps

vitamin D overdose

heart rhythm abnormalities

vitamin D sources

fish oils, fortified milk

vitamin A function

vision

Vitamin A deficiency

night blindness, dry eyes and dry skin

vitamin C function

collagen formation, wound healing, immune support

vitamin C stability

destroyed by heat/air/alkaline environments

vitamin K function

blood clotting

vitamin B12 deficiency

seen in vegetarians, leads to anemia and neurological symptoms

iron deficiency

pale gums, fatigue, shortness of breath

antioxidant

compounds that protect against free radicals

local anesthetics

numbs skin (benzocaine)

pediculicide

kills lice

kertaolytics

removes scales/flakes

Antipruritics

relives itching

antifungals

treat ringworm, athletes foot

corticosteriods

reduce inflammation

adrenergic neurotransmitter

norepinephrine and epinephrine

adrenergic effects

increase heart rate, blood pressure, bronchodilation

adrenergic drugs

asthma, anaphylaxis, nasal constriction

cholinergic neurotransmitter

acetylcholine

cholinergic effects

decrease heart rate, increase digestion, urination and pupil constriction

cholinergic drugs

stimulate urination, increase GI motility

Cytotoxic drugs

Kill rapidly dividing cells

Palliative therapy

Relieves symptoms

Antiemetics

Prevent nausea/vomiting from chemo

bone marrow supression

Leukopenia → ↑ infection risk

combination therapy

based on type of malignancy

prednisone

reduces allergic reactions

Loop Diruetics

Inhibit Na/Cl reabsorption → fluid loss.

Thiazides diuretics

increase water, sodium, potassium excretion.

teaching diuretics

Eat potassium-rich foods

purpoxe of diuretics

recude edema and hypertension

Uricosuric agents

promote uric acid excretion

Colchicine

Reduces inflammation during gout attack.

Alpha blockers

Relax smooth muscle in prostate/bladder → improve urine flow.

Antiandrogens

Can decrease PSA even if prostate cancer is present.

Antispasmodics

Extended-release forms must not be crushed or chewed