Issues I - Cognitive quiz

Which temperament type is described as being Happy, positive mood, Adapts easily to new situations, Regular sleep and eating habits, Calm, with low intensity reactions

Easy (flexible)

Which temperament type is described as being Hesitant or withdrawn with new people, Needs time to adjust to new situations, Low activity level with mild reactions, Adapts eventually with repeated exposure

Slow to warm up (cautious)

Which temperament type is described as being Irregular daily routines, Intense, often negative reactions, Can be slow to adapt to change, Prone to expressing frustration

Difficult (feisty/active)

How does personality differ from temperament?

Personality is shaped through experience and learning, temperament is innate

Which mental function matches this definition: judgment, concept formation, metacognition, executive function, praxis, cognitive flexibility, insight

Higher-level cognitive

Which mental function matches this definition: sustained shifting and divided attention, concentration, distractibility

Attention

Which mental function matches this definition: short-term, long-term, and working

Memory

Which mental function matches this definition: discrimination of sensations

Perception

Which mental function matches this definition: control and content of thought, awareness of reality vs delusions, logical vs coherent

Thought

Which mental function matches this definition: regulates the speed, response, quality, and time of motor production, such as restlessness, toe tapping, or hand wringing, in response to inner tension

Mental functions of sequencing complex movement

Which mental function matches this definition: regulation and range of emotions, appropriateness, including anger, love, tension, and anxiety

Emotional

Which mental function matches this definition: awareness of one’s identity, body, and position in the reality of one’s environment and of time

Experience of self and time

This behavioral theory of learning describes it as “if…then”

Contingencies

This behavioral theory of learning describes it using reinforcements (positive or negative) to modify behavior

Operant learning (Skinner)

This person demonstrated that children learn when scaffolding or support is provided by caregivers

Vygotsky

This person said we learn through observation (bobo doll experiments)

Bandura

This person said we learn by acquiring experience through interaction with the environment/people

Piaget

Piaget’s stage where the child begins to interact with the environment

Sensorimotor stage

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is what age range?

0-2 years

Piaget’s stage where the child begins to represent the word symbolically

Preoperational stage

Piaget’s peroperational stage is what age range?

2-6 or 7

Piaget’s stage where the child learns rules such as conservation

Concrete operational stage

Paiget’s concrete operational stage is what age range?

7-11 or 12

Piaget’s stage where the adolescent can transcend the concrete situation and think about the future

Formal operational stage

Paiget’s formal operational stage is what age range?

12-adulthood

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

7 plus/minus 2

How long until short term memory is lost?

About 20 seconds without rehearsal

What type of long-term memory involves facts?

Semantic memory

What are the 2 types of long-term memory?

Semantic, episodic, procedural

This type of long-term memory involves “how to…”

Procedural

This type of memory involves short-term storage and active manipulation

Working memory

Object permanence emerges during this development phase

Infancy (0-2)

Great skills with puzzles and manipulating objects emerges during this developmental phase

Preschool (2-5)

Games with rules and greater-problem solving are a part of this developmental stage

Middle childhood (6-12 years)

Which Erikson state of identity involves low exploration and high commitment? (“I’ve made a choice without thinking”)

Forclosure

Which Erikson state of identity involves high exploration and high commitment? (“I thought about it and I know what I should do with my life”)

Identity achievement

Which Erikson state of identity involves low exploration and low commitment? (“I don’t know and I don’t care what I’m supposed to do with my life”)

Identity diffusion

Which Erikson state of identity involves high exploration and low commitment? (“I’m thinking about what I should do”)

Moratorium