Group Counseling NCE

process goals

goals that are related to the progression of the group over time, particularly how group members interact with one another

outcome goals

goals that are related to behavior changes in the member's lives after the group is completed

outcome

if you had to pick either process or outcome goals, which one is more important?

false

true/false: it is inappropriate for the group leader to be looking at other members while one is talking

holding

one way a leader can treat the focus of the group: the group leader creates a space that encourages members to sit with their feelings, even if they are uncomfortable

shifting

one way a leader can treat the focus of the group: the group leader moves the focus from one member or topic to another

deepening

one way a leader can treat the focus of the group: the group leader encourages members to strengthen their understanding of the focus

person, topic, activity

the focus of the group is always on one of three things:

authoritarian or autocratic

the leader sets strict rules, dictates tasks, and dominates the structure

democratic

the leader guides discussion and encourages cooperative decision-making while allowing members to participate actively

laissez-faire

the leader takes a hands-off, passive stance and intervenes only when asked or to ensure safety

psycho-educational, crisis intervention

what type of group is best served by an authoritarian leader?

traditional support groups

what type of group is best served by an democratic leader?

high functioning groups

what type of group is best served by an laissez-faire leader?

democratic

which group is more likely to take longer in making decisions and have a higher chance of dominating group members?

cohesion

facilitates members' commitment to remain in group therapy

Tuckman

who developed the 5 stages of group development?

forming

group development stage: personal relations are characterized by dependence; group members rely on safe, patterned behavior and look to the group leader for guidance and direction

1

in what stage might members engage in tentative self-disclosure and sharing?

1

which stage focuses on orientating members to the tasks and each other?

storming

group development stage: characterized by competition and conflict in the personal relations being developed between group members and the group therapist

2

in which stage do individuals bend their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and beliefs to suit those of the group organization?

2

in which stage might there be wide swings in members' behavior?

2

in which stage might the group leader focus on not labeling individuals in specific terms or roles? (e.g., calling one member "dominant")

2

which stage is more likely to have wide variations of members' behavior (e.g., dominant and submissive)

norming

group development stage: relations are characterized by cohesion

3

in which stage is leadership shared and cliques dissolve?

3

in which stage do people begin o experience a sense of group belonging and a feeling of relief because of resolving interpersonal conflicts?

3

in which stage is creativity high?

3

in which stage does the leader balance support and confrontation, helping group members process feedback?

performing

group development stage: all members feel accepted and an authentic sense of belonging, so they do not have to focus time and energy on to these needs anymore

4

in which stage does the leader let the group lead itself?

4

in which stage does the leader focus on facilitating member to member empathy?

4

which stage, if reached, is the most productive?

adjourning/termination

group development stage: the ending of task behaviors and disengagement from the group relationships

5

in which stage might group members experience a minor crisis?

5

in which stage does the leader assist members in expressing their feelings about the group process while attending to unfinished business?

Jacob Moreno

founder Psychodrama & 1st to use the term "group therapy"

J H Pratt

MD, started group treatment for patients and found benefits of groups

Carl Rogers

developed the 3 essential counselor qualities

empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard

3 essential counselor qualities

pre-commitment

members explore their roles, test the group environment

commitment

active participation, invest emotionally and form deep connections

termination

the group process comes to a close w/ reflection on progress and closure

Alfred Adler

thought therapists should be collaborators; pioneer in group counseling, birth order, styles of life, inferiority, social interest, support groups

Kurt Lewin

developer of T-group (training groups) at Natl Training Laboratories

transactional analysis

communication patterns between ego states

Eric Berne

who developed transactional analysis?

Fritz Perls

developed gestalt therapy; confronting unfinished business, empty chair technique

activating event, beliefs, consequences

ABC model

Albert Ellis

ABC model; therapy is about disputing and confronting irrational beliefs

B F Skinner

behaviorism; pioneer in operant conditioning; behavior is based on an organism's reinforcement history; worked with pigeons

Albert Bandura

pioneer in observational learning or social learning

John Watson

behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study

Irwin Yalom

most influential figure in group counseling

association for specialist in group work

ASGW

age

what should always be considered when forming groups for children?

homeostasis

a tendency to for the family to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; not necessarily good or bad, but can be either

negative feedback loop

a feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving; brings it back to the original state if change occurs; this is a move toward homeostasis

positive feedback loop

causes a system to change further in the same direction; this is a move away from homeostasis

equifinality

how different family members respond to different changes

false

true/false: a neutral feedback loop is a term to describe maintaining homeostasis

propinquity

the proximity between people who live or work near each other; one of the main factors leading to romantic attraction

false

true/false: group members are more attracted to goals, relationships, and coping skills

attractiveness, power

people want to be a part of groups where other group members are identified as having ________________ and __________

sociogram

a diagram that represents relationships within a group, especially likes and dislikes of members for other members