EXAM 1

Important terms

What is the Lifespan Perspective?

Emphasizes development change from adulthood to childhood.

What’s the Life Expectancy?

78.6 Years old

What is the oldest age documented?

122 years old

What are the dimensions of the Life Span Perspective?

Development is lifelong, Multidimensional, multidirectional, Plastic, Multidisciplinary, and contextual

What are the different Conexts for aging?

Normative age-graded influences, and Normative history grade influences

Normative age graded influences

Individuals in an age groups biological process such as puberty and menopause

Normative History graded influences

Historical events in the time period (COVID, the Great Depression etc.)

Normative life events

Life events that impact the person’s life ex: home burning down.

What are behavioral and social cognitive theories?

Development can be described in terms of behaviors learned through interactions with our surrondings.

What’s Skinner’s Operant Conditioning theory?

The consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior's recurrence.

What is Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory?

Behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are the key factors in development.

What is observational learning?

This is the idea that people learn through observing others’ actions.

What is forethought?

When people create goals and they see positive outcomes.

What is Piaget’s theory?

Children go through 4 stages of cognitive development as they build their understanding of the world.

What is Piagets’s 4 Stages?

Sensorimotor Stage: infants build an understanding of the world through their senses

Preoperational (2 to 7): build the world with words and images,

Concrete ( 7 to 11): children perform operations with objects and think logically about events

Operational stage: abstract, idealistic and logical

What is Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive Theory?

Children’s development is inseparable from social and cultural activities, as cognitive development is shaped by learning language, math, and memory strategies.

What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?

We develop in 8 psychosocial stages, that reflects our desire to be social with others, and confronts a crisis that the individual must face and resolve.

What are the three developmental stages of Aging?

Normal Aging: psychological functioning peaks in early middle age and remains stable

Pathological Aging: Individuals who show greater-than-average decline as they age ( chronic disease)

Successful Aging: Positive physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development is maintained longer.

What are the 3 DEVELOPMETAL PROCESSES of Aging?

Biological Processes: physical change

Cognitive Processes: thinking, intelligence, and language

Socioemotional Processes: an individual’s relationship with other people

What is DNA?

double helix with a genetic information

What are Genes?

Units of information in DNA and they tell give us our genotype or phenotype and what traits we get.

What are the three prenatal Stages?

Germinal (266 days)

Embryonic (2 wk to 8 wk) Organogenesis formation in 2 m

Fetal ( 8wk to 7m)

What is post-partum depression

It can happen to mothers after childbirth. The mother drops estrogen, and uterus returns to its size. It can cause emotional mood swings for 1 to 2 weeks, depression after delivery, and trouble coping with tasks 4 wks after delivery.

What is Evolutionary Psychology?

Focus on adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest in shaping behavior. Natural selection behaviors that increase reproductive sucess.

What is accomdation in development?

Children adjust their schemes based on their