Year 9 Geography: Urbanisation

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, concepts, trends, and case studies related to Year 9 Urbanisation.

Urbanisation

The process by which an increasing proportion of a country's population moves to live in towns or cities.

Urban

Relating to or characteristic of a city.

Rural

Relating to or characteristic of the countryside.

Natural increase

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

Industrialisation

The shift of a society's economy from primarily agricultural to one dominated by manufacturing and industry.

Informal settlement

Areas of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage, and electricity, which have been developed illegally.

Informal economy

Economic activities that are not officially recorded, regulated, or taxed by the government.

Sanitation

Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal.

Resettlement

The process of relocating and rehousing individuals and communities, often due to redevelopment or regeneration projects that involve demolishing existing structures or land use changes.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organisational structures needed for a society to function.

Stakeholder

A person with an interest or concern in something.

Urban sprawl

The uncontrolled, outward expansion of urban areas.

Commuter

A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.

Brownfield site

Land that was previously developed and is now derelict.

Greenfield site

Land that has not been previously developed or built upon.

Urban decline

The process where a city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair due to loss of industry, jobs, and population, often leading to poor housing, high crime, and social issues.

Deindustrialisation

The reduction of industrial activity or capacity in a region or economy.

Regeneration

A process of giving urban areas 'new life', improving the social, economic and environmental conditions of urban areas.

Urban Sustainability

Creating and managing cities in a way that minimises their environmental footprint, promotes social equity, and ensures long-term economic viability.

Megacity

An urban area with over $10\text{ million}$ people living there, growing due to migration, natural population increase, coastal location, and economic development.

World City

A city that has an influence over the whole world and is considered to be an important hub in the global economic system, characterized by headquarters of TNCs, financial services, highly rated universities, cultural opportunities, and international connectivity.

Rural to urban migration

The movement of people from the countryside to cities.

Push factors (Urbanisation)

Reasons that drive people away from rural areas, such as limited employment other than agricultural work, crop failure due to drought, and fewer services.

Pull factors (Urbanisation)

Attractions that draw people to urban areas, such as better healthcare systems, better schools, and higher wages.

Suburbanisation

The spread of cities outwards (urban sprawl) and the development of new residential areas on the outskirts of the city.

Counter-urbanisation

The movement of people from urban areas (back) into rural areas, particularly where those people had originally moved to the city.

Re-urbanisation

The redevelopment of inner urban areas that creates new homes and jobs, attracting people from outside of the area to move in.

Vision Mumbai

An urban planning scheme in Mumbai aiming to build one million low-cost homes, reduce slum dwellers by $50\%$, improve transport infrastructure, and enhance air and water quality.

Olympic Park Regeneration Scheme

A project in which $£300\text{ million}$ was invested to transform a derelict brownfield site in East London into Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, involving land remediation, decontamination, new green space, and world-class sports facilities.

Urban greening

Integrating vegetation into cities and urban spaces, such as by planting trees along streets and creating green roofs.

Sustainable urban drainage

Measures aimed at slowing down the rate stormwater enters the piped drainage network, such as by creating green spaces, planting trees, using permeable paving, swales, and ditches to guide water.