Anatomy Lab Quiz 3

Cranial bones (how many?)

8

• frontal (1)

• sphenoid (1)

• Ethmoid(1)

• Parietal (2)

• Temporal (2)

• Occipital (1)

Frontal bone:  Supraorbital notch

tiny blue part, artery, vein & nerve pass through to skin

Frontal bone: Supraorbital margin

skinny light yellow

Frontal bone: Glabella

purple middle part

Frontal bone: Zygomatic process

yellow part on the right and left very far side

Temporal bone: Styloid process

tiny dark green pointy part

Temporal bone: Mastoid process

Big blue

Temporal bone: Zygomatic process

skinny light purple

Temporal bone: Mandibular fossa

red part

Occipital bone: Foramen Magnum

neon green part

Occipital bone: Occipital condyle

blue part by the foramen magnum (articulates with the atlas (C1))

Foramen magnum — what passes through it?

Spinal cord + vertebral arteries + accessory nerve + anterior & posterior spinal arteries

Sphenoid: Sella Turcica (Turkish Saddle)

Grey part in center. “Turkish saddle”; houses the pituitary gland

Sphenoid: Optic Foramen

teal/green small part on holes by sella

Sphenoid: Foramen Rotundum-(circular)

bright blue part

Sphenoid: Pterigoid Plate

bright red/orange

Cranial bone: Ethmoid bone

between the eyes has crista galli + cribriform plate (CN I) + perpendicular plate

Cranial bone: Perpendicular plate

big red

Cranial bone: Crista Gali (Rooster’s Crest)

tiny blue part top

Cranial bone: Cribriform plate (CN I)

light grey

Facial bones

Paired: Lacrimal / Nasal / Inferior nasal conchae/ Maxilla / Palatine / Zygoma

Unpaired: Vomer / Mandible

Which bones are part of the Orbit (eye socket)?

The frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine, ethmoid, and lacrimal bones

Which bone and forms the nasal septum?

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage

Which bone forms the oral cavity?

The maxillae, mandible, and palatine bones

Which bones forms the nasal cavity?

The ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxillae, nasal, and inferior nasal conchae bones

Facial bone Maxilla: Zygomatic Process

dark purple maroon part on the side

Facial bone Maxilla: Hard Palate

not the light pink, but the medium pink on the side

Facial bone Mandible: Body

purple in center front

Facial bone Mandible: mental foramen

• Mental nerve is a branch of CN V3, meaning the mandibular division of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)

• It provides sensation around the chin/lower lip.

• dark grey dots on the body

Facial bone Mandible: mental tubercles

two grey stubs by chin

Facial bone Zygomatic: Temporal Process

purple

Facial bone Zygomatic: Maxillary Border

blue

Facial bone Zygomatic: Frontal process

green

Hyoid bone

“floating” bone with lots of muscle/ligament attachments

Precentral gyrus

Primary motor cortex; Houses the primary motor cortex voluntary movement

Central Sulci:

structural boundary between precentral and postcentral

Postcentral gyrus:

primary somatosensory cortex. It receives and processes tactile information from the body, including touch, pressure, temperature, vibration, and pain

Cerebellum

Balance and fine-tuning/coordination of movement

Vermis

Separates/connects the right and left portions of the cerebellum

Arbor vitae

Tree-like white matter of the cerebellum (mostly axons, especially myelinated axons. These carry information from one area to another.)

Dentate nucleus

Gray matter within the cerebellum (mostly neuron cell bodies (plus dendrites/synapses). This is where lots of information is processed.)

4 Ventricles. what is the path of CSF

Lateral ventricles → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → subarachnoid space or central canal (Think of the ventricles as connected, fluid-filled chambers inside the brain.)

Thalamus function

Mediates sensation; involved in memory and learning

Corpus callosum — function (and is it white or grey matter)

Allows communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. white

Brainstem — what structures form it?

Midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata

Forebrain structures

Cerebrum + diencephalon (diencephalon = thalamus + hypothalamus +

epithalamus)

Midbrain

mesencephalon (sensory processing)

Hindbrain

medulla oblongata + pons + cerebellum

what are the four paranasal sinuses and what are there 2 functions

Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid

Lighten the skull + warm/moisten inhaled air

Meninges — superficial → deep

Dura → Arachnoid → Pia (DAP)

Meninges: Dura

Strongest / part of periosteum

• 2 Layers separated by VenousSinus

• dural venous sinus - drain venous blood from brain (valve-less)

Arachnoid and What helps hold arachnoid to dura?

Web-like connective tissue (CSF)

Pia (tender mother)

Delicate layer that directly covers the brain surface