Theory Midterm (evolve questions)

The dental hygiene process of care is the foundation of the professional dental hygiene practice and provides a framework for delivering high-quality dental hygiene care to all types of clients. The dental hygiene diagnosis involves identifying an individual's health behaviors, attitudes, and oral healthcare needs within the scope of services the dental hygienist is licensed and educated to provide.

Both statements are true.

Which of the following is not a step in the dental hygiene process of care?

Verification

The Collaborative Practice Model primarily emphasizes which of the following?

Dental hygienists working with other healthcare providers to provide optimum client care

The term client is frequently preferred in healthcare settings for which of the following reasons?

It connotes wellness as well as illness and suggests an active participant in healthcare.

Which of the following professional roles of a dental hygienist own their own business?

Independent practitioner

The professional model of dental hygiene emphasizes that the dental hygienist:

implements self-generated preventive oral care regimens.

The five roles of the dental hygienist are which of the following?

Clinician, administrator or manager, researcher, advocate, educator

All of the following describe accreditation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A formal agency developing the dental and dental hygiene practice acts.

Dental practice acts:

are laws established in each state (United States) or province (Canada) to regulate the practice of dental hygiene.

An administrator or manager:

is a person whose official position is to guide and direct the work of others.

All of the following describe a dental hygienist advocate EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Improves the profession's visibility via public service.

Accreditation is best described by which of the following?

Formal, voluntary nongovernmental process which establishes a minimum set of standards that promote and ensure quality across education institutions

Which of the following is a licensed dental hygienist who is a primary oral healthcare provider of dental hygiene services directly to patients?

A mid-level oral health practitioner

The ability of a hygienist to initiate treatment based on their assessment of a patients need without specific authorization of a dentist, treat the patient without the presence of a dentist, and maintain a provider-patient relationship is defined as

Direct access

Documentation is the systematic collection of data to identify oral and general health status, and assessment is the complete and accurate recording of all collected data.

Both statements are false.

The Human Needs Conceptual Model of dental hygiene requires dental hygienists to do which of the following?

Make dental hygiene diagnoses based on eight human needs.

Which of the following conditions might lead the dental hygienist to conclude that an individual's human need for protection from health risks is in deficit?

Plays contact sports but does not wear a mouth guard.

Which of the following is not one of the central concepts in the paradigm for the discipline of dental hygiene?

Patient

Which of the following is defined as the surroundings in which the client and dental hygienist are interacting?

Environment

A mental model captures ideas in an area of expertise to solve a problem, while a conceptual model represents concepts and relationships between them.

Both statements are true.

If a gingival disease such as localized juvenile periodontitis is suspected, the most important dental hygiene action would be which of the following?

Referral to the dentist for a dental diagnosis

If Devan participates in care planning, gives informed consent, assumes personal responsibility for oral health, and performs daily oral hygiene behavior effectively, one could say that her human need for _____ is met.

responsibility for oral health

If Devan makes time for oral health, seeks oral healthcare, and talks about the importance of healthy teeth and gums, one could say that her human need for _____ is met.

conceptualization and understanding

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, the concept of the client refers to which of the following?

A biologic, psychologic, spiritual, social, cultural, and intellectual human being whose behavior is motivated by human need fulfillment

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, the concept of the environment consists of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

The healthcare setting only

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, the concept of dental hygiene actions relates to which of the following?

Assisting clients in meeting their human needs

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, the concept of health and oral health includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor strategies for dental professionals

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, assessment includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Establishment of goals for client behavior

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, the dental hygiene diagnosis includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Measurement of the extent to which goals identified in the care plan were achieved

In the Human Needs Conceptual Model, planning includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Measurement of the extent to which goals are met

Which of the following is a major descriptor defining health?

Ability to adapt and cope with environment

Which of the following approaches is descriptive of a health-promotion strategy?

Proactive program

Enhancing people's capacity to cope with an ever-changing environment is a challenge of which healthcare movement?

Health promotion

The campaign represents which level of prevention?

Primary

The campaign is focused on which of the following elements of disease prevention?

Lifestyle

John's idea to hold a public forum is an example of which dental hygiene role?

Consumer advocate

If a dental hygienist's practice embraces oral health as a part of overall health, the practice is

holistic.

A client may develop a co-dependency on the dental hygienist if the dental hygienist practice is singularly focused on disease

treatment.

All of the following are examples of secondary prevention dental hygiene interventions EXECEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Root surface debridement on a tooth with chronic periodontitis

All of the following are examples of tertiary prevention dental hygiene interventions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Mouth guard fabrication for hockey player

All of the following are examples of lifestyle behaviors that challenge oral health EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Practicing daily oral hygiene

All of the following are health-promotion program that calls health professionals to become involved in the following actions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Emphasizing disease treatment

Oral and craniofacial cancers tend to be diagnosed at a/an _____ phase when prognosis is _____.

late; poor

The population health approach aims to

strengthen the determinants of health.

Health promotion has an ecologic perspective that

considers individual behavior and the social environment.

Karen's idea to use public announcements regarding the importance of wearing mouth guards while playing sports is an example of which social marketing element?

Promotion

The distribution of a mailbox announcement is representative of which health-promotion strategy?

Mass media

By organizing other dental hygienists to operate a free mouth guard clinic, Karen is performing which health-promotion strategy?

Community organization

George Prince is asked to be a spokesperson for the event because he is a well-known former National Football League player. Karen's choice to ask him is based on which concept?

Social marketing

The process of educating decision makers about a policy for mandatory mouth guards for all players is referred to as

client advocacy.

Extrinsic motivation is an action initiated from an environmental source. Intrinsic motivation is an inherent inclination toward exploration, spontaneous interest, and environmental mastery emerging from inherent strivings for personal growth as well as from experience of need satisfaction.

Both statements are true.

Extrinsic motivation is based on which of the following?

Contingencies in the environment

All of the following are types of regulation supported by the environment and one's relationships associated with intrinsic motivation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Desire

Which of the following describes motivational interviewing?

Facilitates resolution of client's issues.

All of the following are part of the four cores of motivational interviewing communication skills EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Observing

Which of the following is the simplest form of reflective listening?

Paraphrasing

Which of the following communication types collaboratively explores the pros and cons with the client?

Guiding style

When the dental hygiene responds immediately when a client mentions that she has oral discomfort, this is called

evocation.

All of the following are considered nontherapeutic communication EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Directing

The goal of motivational interviewing is to have the clients' voice the arguments for positive change which is called "change talk." The tools of motivational interviewing are open-ended questions, affirming change talk, reflective responding, and summarizing the results of the dialogue.

Both statements are true.

Access to care is a major national health policy issue for which one of the following countries?

United States

What term refers to the healthcare professional's skill in effectively integrating the client's socioethnocultural background into the process of healthcare?

Cross-cultural competence

For a dental hygienist to provide the best quality of care to persons from different ethnic or cultural backgrounds, the dental hygienist must

possess intercultural communication skills.

What term refers to the fact that individuals are more than the total sum of their parts?

Holism

Ethnocentrism makes it difficult for healthcare providers to

all of the above.

_____ is defined as someone's income, occupation, and level of education.

Socioeconomic status

Persons living in poverty possess some specific common characteristics. Which of the following characteristic(s) is (are) related to poverty?

All of the above

All of the following cultures are polychronic in their characteristics except which one?

Western European

It is helpful to think of race as which of the following?

A socially constructed system

When working with Hispanic, African, or African American clients, the dental hygienist should avoid which of the following?

Forcing eye contact

In different parts of the world, eye contact is viewed in different ways. Persons from which of the following countries interpret continuous eye contact as rude?

Developing countries

Touching can communicate all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Embarrassment

When treating a culturally diverse client, longer time should be scheduled for all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Removal of increased calculus

Using a nonjudgmental approach, a dental hygienist can assess the client's level of oral health knowledge by asking which of the following questions?

All of the above.

Monochronic refers to cultures whose members are linear in their thinking, sequential in behavior, and clock-oriented and work-oriented. Which of the following best exemplifies a monochronic culture?

Western European

People in the upper socioeconomic level of society live longer and experience less disability than those from low-income groups. This is because persons from higher socioeconomic groups can afford high-quality housing, foods, and healthcare.

Both statements are true.

Attitudes that reflect strong cultural preferences, stereotypes, and prejudices are not major barriers in the communication process. These types of client and practitioner attitudes enhance the process of care.

Both statements are false.

Assessing the client's culture-specific information is a necessary component of the dental hygiene process of care. Clients from other cultures embrace Western culture and its healthcare system.

The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

When language is a barrier, the dental hygienist may find it necessary to use a translator to aid in client-practitioner communication. A translator may hinder the client from sharing potentially embarrassing, yet important, health history information.

Both statements are true.

In some cultures decisions are not made independently, but as a group. In a collectivistic environment, the group is viewed as the fundamental unit of society and healthcare decisions are made by the group.

Both statements are true.

All of the following describe what a dental hygiene diagnosis does within the process of care except which one?

Clarifies what the client must do to promote and maintain oral health and wellness.

The dental hygiene diagnosis is made after which phase of the process of care?

Assessment

Dental hygienists are cautioned not to make a dental diagnosis but rather to identify client's problems or conditions for the dentist, who will then make a dental diagnosis. Which of the following statements on the client record demonstrates that the dental hygienist is making a dental diagnosis rather than communicating a problem in need of a dental diagnosis?

Mr. Smith has severe necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.

Some legal jurisdictions allow a dental hygienist to identify oral disease such as moderate pregnancy-associated gingivitis or early chronic periodontitis as long as it is not the final dental diagnosis. What is this type of diagnosis called?

Preliminary dental diagnosis

Which of the following defines a client goal?Which of the following defines a client goal?

Desired outcome of care

The dental hygiene diagnosis can be based on just one sign or symptom. This is to simplify the dental hygiene diagnostic process.

Both statements are false.

If a client has clinical swelling in the area where teeth have signs of untreated caries, signs of caries, and periapical pathosis on radiographs, and client complaints of pain in the area throughout the day and night, which unmet human need(s) does this client most likely have?

Freedom from pain, and a biologically sound and functional dentition

If a 3-year-old child has objective signs of early childhood caries and a history of still using a bottle with milk at night to go to sleep, what human need deficit does this child most likely have?

Biologically sound and functional dentition

After assessment the dental hygienist notes that a client who is a quadriplegic has generalized 4- to 5-mm clinical attachment loss, generalized moderate bleeding on probing, and heavy plaque accumulation. What human needs deficit does this client most likely have?

Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck

All of the following describe a characteristic of a dental hygiene diagnosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Requires the signature of the dentist.

When the diagnoses for this client are completed, which unmet human need should be addressed first?

Freedom from fear and stress

All of the following are unmet human needs for the client EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Biologically sound and functional dentition

The client's assessed blood pressure was 140/90 mm Hg. Given the client's race, weight, smoking behavior, and periodontal health status, what systemic disease is this client most at risk for?

Cardiovascular disease

The client's apparent lack of knowledge about how smoking affects periodontal and systemic health status would fall under which unmet human need?

Conceptualization and problem solving

The client reports that he sometimes wears a nicotine patch. What might this suggest to the astute dental hygienist?

The client has an interest in controlling his tobacco addiction.

In which phase of the dental hygiene process of care are diagnosed client's needs prioritized, client goals and evaluative measures established, and intervention strategies determined?

Planning

The purpose of the planning phase is to develop a care plan that will result in the resolution of an oral health problem amenable to dental hygiene care, the prevention of a problem, or the promotion of oral health. Therefore the dental hygiene care plan is independent of the dental treatment plan.

The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

The foundation for development of a client-centered dental hygiene care plan is the

dental hygiene diagnosis.

Development of a dental hygiene care plan occurs as a collaboration or partnership between which of the following?

Dental hygienist and client.

When is the dental hygiene care plan written?

Immediately after the assessment and diagnosis phases of the process of care