CNS Conditions

Decubitus ulcers

skin lesions caused by external pressure, shearing or friction force that is sufficient to locally impair circulation and lymphatic flow.

How many stages of decubitus ulcers are there?

There is 4.

How to prevent decubitus ulcers from forming?

Changing positions regularly, avoid friction and shear-forces, padding or sheep skin if in bed for prolonged periods, gel cushion if seated for long periods of time, proper nutrition and hydration, keep skin dry and clean, and be vigilant for early signs.

What is the treatment before decubitus ulcer form?

monitor clients skin, promote circulation, avoid drag, and lymphatic drainage to reduce edema.

What is the treatment after decubitus ulcer form?

cold hydrotherapy 5 min intervals throughout the day to reduce swelling, early stages Tx involves relief of pressure. local massage is CId.

how much pressure can block venous return and waste removal?

small amounts of pressure as little as 33mm Hg.

what are some causes of seizures?

head trauma, drug/ alcohol abuse, infection, toxemia in pregnancy, rapid drug withdrawals, children with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

what kind of seizures are spontaneous and have an irreversible cause?

epileptic seizures.

what often coexists with cerebral palsy?

epilepsy.

what are the different types of seizures?

partial and generalized (petit mal and grand mal), and status epilepticus seizures.

what stimuli might trigger a seizure?

flashing lights, patterns on walls, touch, noise, or scents.

hemiplegia is a ____ condition of paralysis on one side of the body as a result as a result of a brain lesion.

non-progressive.

hemiplegia occurs on what side of the brain in correlation to what side it affects?

hemiplegia occurs on the side of the body opposite to where the brain lesion occurred.

what are the tx goals for hemiplegia?

safe tx, modify hydro and weight of it, decrease SNS firing, emotional support, maintain tissue health, decrease edema, limit contracture, decrease pain and spasticity, secondary postural changes, maintain joint health and ROM, and encourage whole body integration.

what is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

a stroke that lasts for less then 24 hrs.

what can cause hemiplegia?

cerebrovascular pathology, head trauma, or brain tumor.

what is MS?

a condition where demyelination of the nerves occurs.

what does demyelination result in?

scar tissue formation that affects nerve transmissions in widely scattered areas of the brain.

what is the demyelination process consist of?

inflammatory process, followed by the loss of myelination.

what are the 3 types of MS?

benign, attack-remitting, and acute progressive MS.

what is parkinson’s?

a progressive disorder involving diminishing basal ganglia function.

what does parkinsons result in?

slow, increasingly difficult movements, accompanied by resting tremors and muscular rigidity.

what is the cause of parkingsons? how many cases under 60 yrs old?

unknown. 1 out of 100.

what is parkinsons plus caused by?

repeated head trauma, toxins, iatrogenic drug-induced, and other pathologies.

what is cerebral palsy?

a non-progressive condition is the result of lesions that occur during the perinatal period, from half was through pregnancy to 7 days postpartum, and up to 3 yrs of age.

what is a SCI?

a spinal cord injury is an injury to the vertebral column, spinal cord, or both due to a direct or indirect trauma.

what are the types of SCIs?

anterior, posterior, central cord, brown-Sequard, and cauda equina.

what are the common causes of SCIs?

what is polio?

an acute viral infection specifically affecting the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem.

what is the most serios type of polio? what does it involve?

bulbar poliomyelitis, which involves

what is post polio?

a late complication of paralytin polio, occurs after the person has been stable for yrs, often decads

what muscles are frequently affected in polio?

tibialis anterior and posterior, peroneal, quadriceps, and gluteus medius.

what factors blood pressure?

hypertension, heart disease

life style risk facts for hypertension?

smoking or drinking, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity.

how often will physicians monitor blood pressure if elevated?

2-3 times over a 4 week period.

what is the cause of angina pectoris?

process of develpoing altheosclerotis plaques also creates a higher risk of short term vasular spasm slide 31

what is the meaning of angina pectoralis?

strangled chest.

CVA is also shown as what?

a stroke.

hypertension is also known as what?

the silent killer.

what is a healthy diostalic pressure range?

70-80.

what is the blood pressure volume?

stroke volume (sv) x heart rate=total peripheral resistance

what is a thrombophlebitis?

inflammation of a superficial or deep vein not done

hypertension age sirsk

over 45, pregnant women,

what is our pulse pressure?

is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

what is the peripheral resistance?