Biology

Phagocytosis

The engulfing of large food particles into the cell. Opposite of Exocytosis

Pinocytosis

“Cellular Drinking”

Exocytosis

The release of large particles from the cell. Opposite of Phagocytosis

Nucleus

The control center of the cell

Nucleus

Made of DNA and is the storage area for all genetic information

Ribosome

The site of protein synthesis in a cell

Nuclear Membrane

The porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact

Golgi Apparatus

When newly formed proteins leave the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to this organelle where the proteins are sorted and packaged.

Centriole

In animal cells, this organelle helps organize the microtubules that are used to separate chromosomes during cell division

Cytoplasm

The semifluid substance of the cell outside of the nucleus, but inside the cell membrane

Cell Membrane

The part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

The place where lipids are manufactured

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

After leaving the ribosome, newly made proteins are inserted into spaces of this organelle where they are modified and shaped into functioning proteins

Central Vacuole

This large structure in a plant cell is filled with water creating turgor pressure

Chloroplast

This is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell

Vacuole

Serves as a storage area inside an animal cell

Cell Wall

This organelle is composed of tough, stringy cellulose fibers and is only found in plants

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The type of endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached

Lysosome

This organelle helps to "clean up" or destroy any debris that might build up inside the cell

Chloroplast

This organelle has an internal membrane system called thykaloids

Mitocondria

The site of cellular respiration

Chromoplasts

This organelle give fruits and flowers their color

Respiration

The process of converting food to a form of energy the cell can use

Digestion

The process of breaking food down into particles small enough to be used by cells

Ingestion

The process of taking in food and water into a cell

Excretion

The process of getting rid of liquid cell wastes

Irritability

The ability to respond to stimulus

Biosynthesis

Using the energy obtained from foods for growth and repair

Plasmolysis

What condition might occur if too much water leaves the cell?

Carbohydrates

These are located on the outside of the membrane. Their function is cell recognition and identification.

Homeostasis

This is a balance that the cell maintains through self-regulating adjustments

Passive Transport

This type of transport does not require the cell to use any energy

Diffusion

The movement of molecules (other than water) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Hypotonic

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lower solute concentration is termed?

Cytolysis

What condition might occur if too much water enters a cell?

Isotonic

What conditions exist when the concentrations on the inside of the cell are equal to the concentration on the outside of the cell

Eukaryotic

A cell that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles is called

Hypertonic

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the higher solute concentration is called?

Robert Hooke

Who was the first person to use the word "cell"

Ribosomes

Unlike the smooth ER, the rough ER has _____ attached to it

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

What is the order of cellular organization from smallest to largest?

Central Vacuole

What organelle helps plant cells remain rigid

Cristae

Membranes in mitochondria that increase surface area are called?

Thylakoids

Membranes in chloroplast that increase surface area are called?

Cell Membrane

May contain carbohydrates on the outer surface, which are involved in cell recognition and cell joining

Cell Membrane

Integral proteins in this organelle are involved in structure, support and cellular transport.

Cell Membrane

This structural organelle consists of proteins and a phospholipid bilayer

Cell Membrane

Peripheral proteins may be found on both the inner and outer surfaces of this organelle

Cell Membrane

The "fluid mosaic model" is used to describe this organelle

Cell Membrane

Barrier that encloses the cell

Cell Membrane

Regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell

Nucleus

This organelle contains a nucleolus, which is responsible for manufacturing ribosomal subunits

Nucleus

Contains one or more nucleoli and all of the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell

Nucleus

The site where RNA is copied from DNA to direct protein synthesis

Nucleus

Storage site of DNA and genetic information

Nucleus

Controls the cells activities

Mitochondria

These organelles are very numerous in cells that have high energy requirements (ex. liver and muscle cells

Mitochondria

One of two organelles of the cell that contain their own DNA and ribosomes and can carry out their own replication

Mitochondria

Inner membrane is folded into "cristae" to increase the functional surface area

Mitochondria

Transfers the energy stored in organic compounds (glucose) to molecules of ATP

Mitochondria

The "matrix" of this organelle contains many enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes

Mitochondria

Cite of cellular respiration

Ribosome

Consists of two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit. Not a membrane bound organelle

Ribosome

Found in tissues with a higher rate of protein synthesis. A pancreatic cell has a few million of these

Ribosome

The parts of this cell are manufactures by the nucleolus in the nucleus

Ribosome

May be found loose in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosome

Translates the message of mRNA and carries out the building of proteins

Ribosome

This organelle is composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins

Ribosome

The most numerous organelles in most cells

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

This organelle consists of such an extensive network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in many cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Receives polypeptides (proteins) from ribosomes to prepare proteins for export or insertion to membranes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A system of membranous tubules and sacs that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

May or may not have attached ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Manufactures the lipid components of cell membranes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Helps regulate calcium levels in the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Breaks down toxins and poisons

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The sacs of this organelle are called cisternae

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An intracellular highway along which molecules can move from one part of the cell to another

Golgi Apparatus

Transport vesicle arrive at this organelle carrying proteins from the ER

Golgi Apparatus

A collection of smooth membrane bound sacs isolated from the ER

Golgi Apparatus

Works closely with the ER in preparing material for release from the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Materials enter the cis side and exit on the trans side

Golgi Apparatus

Completes final modifications of proteins

Cytoskeleton

Consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers

Cytoskeleton

Helps move materials around inside the cell

Cytoskeleton

Involved in the contraction of muscle cells

Cilia

Short, hair like structures used to propel a cell through the environment

Flagella

Long, whip like structures used to propel a cell through the environment

Cell Wall

Composed of Chitin in fungi

Vacuole

A storage area found in both plant and animal cells

Plastids

Types include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Only found in plant cells

Chloroplast

Contain "stroma" which contain many enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Chromoplast

Contains pigments of color other than green

Chromoplasts

Helps attract animals to fruit, and gives fruits and flowers their color

Leucoplast

Colorless organelles that serve as storage areas for starch in plants

Peroxisome

This organelle transfers hydrogen to oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide, and then breaks down the poisonous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Peroxisome

Contains the enzyme catalase

Centriole

Organizes microtubules in the building of mitotic spindle