Drug Discovery Test 1. Review

Drug Discovery

The process through which new drugs are developed, including the identification of active compounds and their testing.

Organic Chemistry

A branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

Cancer

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors that can damage surrounding tissues and organs.

Diabetes

A medical condition resulting in high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.

Weight Loss

The reduction of total body mass, often achieved through diet, exercise, or medications to improve health.

C

The chemical symbol for Carbon, a key element in organic chemistry.

H

The chemical symbol for Hydrogen, an essential element in organic compounds.

O

The chemical symbol for Oxygen, an important element in various organic reactions.

N

The chemical symbol for Nitrogen, often found in amino acids and nucleic acids.

P

The chemical symbol for Phosphorus, a key element in DNA, RNA, and ATP.

S

The chemical symbol for Sulfur, which is found in some amino acids and vitamins.

Hydroxyl group

A functional group characterized by the presence of a -C-O-H structure, as seen in alcohols like ethanol.

Amino group

A functional group consisting of -N-H, which is found in amines like methylamine.

Carbonyl group

A functional group with a C=O double bond, found in aldehydes and ketones.

Carboxyl group

A functional group consisting of -C-O-H, present in carboxylic acids like acetic acid.

Mutagenesis

The process by which genetic mutations occur, often leading to cancer.

2-hit hypothesis

A model explaining that two mutations in both alleles of a gene are necessary for tumor formation.

Carcinogen

Substances such as chemicals, radiation, and tobacco smoke that can lead to cancer.

Benign tumor

A non-cancerous growth that does not invade surrounding tissues.

Malignant tumor

A cancerous growth that can invade and damage nearby tissues.

Lymphoma

A type of cancer affecting lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system.

Leukemia

A type of cancer of the blood, originating from bone marrow.

Chemotherapy

A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

Immunotherapy

A cancer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer.

Type I Diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Type II Diabetes

A form of diabetes where the body is unable to effectively use insulin despite normal or elevated levels.

GLP-1 agonists

Medications that increase insulin production and decrease appetite, used in diabetes treatment and weight loss.

Phentermine

A medication that helps decrease appetite and is used for weight loss.

Alli

A weight-loss medication that inhibits the absorption of dietary fat in the gastrointestinal tract.