Cosmetology State Board Review

Comprehensive vocabulary review flashcards covering sanitation, hair structure, chemistry, histology of the skin, nail disorders, cutting angles, and roller styling.

Clean

To remove debris.

Sanitize

To reduce germs.

Disinfect

Chemical process that kills most pathogens.

Sterilize (Sterlize)

Process that kills everything including spores.

Cuticle

The outer protective layer of the hair.

Cortex

The layer of hair responsible for strength, elasticity, and where most chemical changes take place.

Medulla (mcdolla)

The innermost layer of the hair shaft.

Follicle

The opening and structure surrounding the hair root.

Papilla

Structure that supplies nutrients to growing hair through blood.

Arrector pili

Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that create goosebumps.

Anagen (aragen)

The growth phase (awake phase) of the hair growth cycle.

Catagen

The transitional phase (change phase) of the hair growth cycle.

Telogen

The resting phase of the hair growth cycle.

Exogen

The shedding phase (exit phase) of the hair growth cycle.

$0^\circ$ blunt

A haircut angle cut to produce a one-length perimeter.

$45^\circ$ graduated

A haircut angle that builds weight.

$90^\circ$ layers

A haircut angle that adds movement.

Thio services

Chemical services where the solution breaks disulfide bonds and the neutralizer rebuilds them into a new shape.

Hydroxide relaxer

A relaxer that permanently alters hair by converting some disulfide bonds into lanthionine bonds (cannot be applied to thio-relaxed hair; stabilizer rehardens hair).

Nail disorders vs. nail diseases

Nail disorders can often be serviced by a technician, whereas nail diseases cannot.

SDS (Safety Data Sheet)

Document that provides information about chemical hazards, safe handling, storage, and emergency procedures.

OSHA (asha)

Government agency that enforces workplace safety and health standards.

EPA (Pa)

Agency that regulates pesticides and registered disinfectant products.

pH scale

Scale where values below $7$ are acidic, $7$ is neutral, and values above $7$ are alkaline (hair and skin are naturally slightly acidic).

Disulfide bonds

Strong chemical side bonds that contribute to hair structure and are involved in perms and chemical texture processes.

Hydrogen bonds

Weak physical bonds that contribute to temporary styling and can be disrupted by heat and moisture.

Salt bonds

Weak physical bonds (stronger than hydrogen bonds) that are broken by pH changes and reformed by returning hair to normal pH.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin, containing no blood vessels.

Dermis

Skin layer directly below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.

Subcutaneous layer

Deep skin layer consisting of fat that provides cushioning and insulation.

Sebaceous glands

Glands that produce sebum (oil).

Sudoriferous glands

Skin glands that produce sweat.

Melanocytes

Cells within the epidermis that produce melanin.

Onycholysis

Nail disorder where the nail plate separates from the nail bed.

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nail.

Paronychia

Bacterial inflammation or infection of the tissues surrounding the nail.

Leukonychia (Jeukanychia)

White spots appearing on the nail plate.

Onychorrhexis (onychorrexis)

Nail disorder characterized by brittle nails.

Onychoschizia (onychoschtzia)

Nail condition in which the nail plate splits or peels in layers.

Onychocryptosis

The medical term for an ingrown nail.

Onychia

Inflammation of the nail matrix.

On base

Roller placement directly on its base that yields maximum volume.

Off base (oftbase)

Roller placement completely off its base that yields minimum volume.

Half off base

Roller placement halfway on its base that produces medium volume.

No base

Roller placement design that produces no volume.

Base

The designated panel or area of the scalp where a roller is placed.

Stem

The section of hair between the scalp and the roller that curves from the base to the roller.

Five elements of hair

The five primary elements composing hair: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Crest

The widest area of the head.