Pre-Exam 1 Immunology

Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship? _____ on _____ recognize _____ on _____.

- PAMPS; macrophages; PRRs; pathogens

- PRRs; pathogens; PAMPs; macrophages

- PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; neutrophils

- PAMPs; neutrophils; PRRs; pathogens

- PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; pathogens

PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; pathogens

Helper T cells can secrete IFN-gamma in response to intracellular pathogens, which stimulates macrophages to increase phagocytosis and blocks B cells form switching to IgE antibodies. Which type(s) of signaling does this resemble?

- Autocrine

- Antagonistic

- Synergistic

- Pleiotropic

- Redundant

Antagonistic and pleiotropic

Where would you MOST likely find a TLR that recognizes ssRNA?

- In the nucleus

- In the endoplasmic reticulum

- In the endosome/lysosome

- In the mitochondria

- On the cell surface

In the endosome/lysosome

Which complement proteins will bind to granulocytes to stimulate an inflammatory response?

- C5a

- C3a

- C5b

- C3b

- C4b

C5a and C3a

During the initial stages of inflammation, vascular permeability is increased to allow primarily what cell type to reach the site of infection?

- Natural killer cells

- Monocytes

- Dendritic cells

- Plasma cells

- Neutrophils

Neutrophils

The alternative complement pathway goes through several phases. Which is (are) a C3 convertase(s) from the alternative pathway?

- C3Bb (fluid)

- C3bBb (fluid)

- C4b2a (membrane)

- C3bBb (membrane)

- C3bBbC3b (membrane)

C3Bb (fluid) and C3bBb (membrane)

Which of the following PRRs detect cytoplasmic PAMPs?

- ALRs

- RLRs

- CLRs

- NLRs

- cGAS

- TLRs

ALRs, RLRs, NLRs, and cGAS

Natural killer cells are a specific cell type within what larger cell category?

- T cells

- Plasma cells

- Myeloid cells

- Granulocytes

- Innate lymphoid cells

Innate lymphoid cells

Which of these is NOT a mechanism used by phagocytes to kill internalized pathogens?

- All of these are used by pathogens

- Antimicrobial proteins

- Acidified phagosomes

- Proteases

- Reactive oxygen species

All of these are used by pathogens

Phagocytes like dendritic cells play many roles within the immune system. Which of the following is NOT a dendritic cell response to pathogens?

- Produce cytokines in response to specific PAMPs

- Destroy phagocytosed pathogens through lysosome fusion

- Display antigens to naive T cells

- All of these are roles of phagocytes in immunity

- Produce neutralizing antibodies

Produce neutralizing antibodies

Which of the following phrases describes innate immunity or innate immune cells?

- Includes T cells

- Phagocytose pathogens for destruction

- Generate long term memory cells

- Produce antibodies

- Includes NK cells

- Contain rearranged gene segments

- Includes macrophages

- Recognize pathogen patterns

- Secrete cytokines

- Detect specific amino acid sequences

- Phagocytose pathogens for destruction

- Includes NK cells

- Includes macrophages

- Recognize pathogen patterns

- Secrete cytokines

Which self protein is responsible for blocking insertion of the complement membrane attack complex into host cells?

- C3 carboxypeptidase

- C1INH

- Protectin

- Factor I

- Factor P

Protectin

Which complement components are bound by receptors to induce phagocytosis after binding to pathogen membranes?

- C3b

- C1q

- C5a

- C5b

- C3a

- MBL

C3b, C1q, and MBL

In which of the following organs will T cells wait to encounter antigen for activation?

- Spleen

- Bone marrow

- Lymph nodes

- Thymus

- MALT

Spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT

Which of the following cells is derived from the myeloid pathway?

- Eosinophils

- Dendritic cells

- Mast cells

- NK cells

- B cells

Eosinophils, dendritic cells, and mast cells

Which of the following are granulocytes?

- Plasma cells

- Megakaryocytes

- Basophils

- Neutrophils

- Mast cells

Basophils, neutrophils, and mast cells

A new virus emerges that blocks the enzymatic activity of phospholipase C. Based on the pathways we learned, which of them would be affected by this inhibition?

- AP-1

- NFAT, AP-1, and NFkB

- NFAT

- NFkB

- NFAT and NFkB

NFAT, AP-1, and NFkB

What is the role of PKC in cellular signaling?

- Stimulation of calcium release

- Phosphorylation of NF-kB

- Transfer of GTP into Ras

- Phosphorylation of IkB

- Cleavage of PIP3

Phosphorylation of IkB

Order the following components of the alternative complement pathway

- Factor B (fluid)

- Factor P

- C3b (membrane #2)

- C6-9

- Factor D (fluid)

- Factor D (membrane)

- C5

- C3 (fluid)

- C3b (membrane #1)

- Factor B (membrane)

- C3 (fluid)

- Factor B (fluid)

- Factor D (fluid)

- C3b (membrane #1)

- Factor B (membrane)

- Factor D (membrane)

- Factor P

- C3b (membrane #2)

- C5

- C6-9

Which of the following cell types are responsible for targeting and killing infected self cells?

- Neutrophils

- Dendritic cells

- Cytotoxic T cells

- NK cells

- Mast cells

Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

The vast majority of blood cells (both red and white) in an adult human can trace their progenitors to which compartment within the body?

- None of the answers are correct

- Bone marrow

- Thymus

- Peyer's patch

- Lymph node

Bone marrow

Which of the following would make a good PAMP?

- Cytoplasmic viral ssRNA genomes

- Viral spike proteins

- Bacterial secreted toxin

- Endosomal viral ssRNA

- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides

- Viral nuclear dsDNA

- Cytoplasmic viral dsDNA genomes

- Fungal oligosaccharides

- Cytoplasmic viral ssRNA genomes

- Endosomal viral ssRNA

- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides

- Cytoplasmic viral dsDNA genomes

- Fungal oligosaccharides

Which cell type is primarily responsible for traveling from infections with antigen to stimulate helper T cells?

- Dendritic cells

- Macrophages

- B cells

- Plasma cells

- Neutrophils

Dendritic cells

Which of the following cell types are antigen-presenting cells?

- B cells

- Dendritic cells

- Natural killer cells

- Mast cells

- Macrophages

B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages

The G protein Ras is in active state when it binds _____ stimulated by _____ activity

- GTP, GEFs

- GDP, GRPs

- GTP, GAPs

- GDP, GAPs

- GDP, GEFs

GTP, GEFs

Which of the following organs are characterized as primary lymphoid organs?

- Bone marrow

- Spleen

- Thymus

- MALT/GALT

- Lymph nodes

Bone marrow and thymus

Which pattern recognition receptor is able to detect PAMPs within endosomes?

- Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

- RIG-like receptors

- Toll-like receptors

- AIM-like receptors

- Nod-like receptors

Toll-like receptors