Learn: Anatomy of Shoulder, Face, and Arm Muscles: Key Structures and Functions

Pectoralis Major

A large muscle in the chest that is responsible for the movement of the shoulder joint.

Pectoralis Minor

A smaller muscle located beneath the pectoralis major, involved in the movement of the scapula.

Deltoid

The muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder, responsible for arm abduction.

Serratus Anterior

A muscle located on the side of the chest that helps in the upward rotation of the scapula.

Epicranius

A muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the frontalis and occipitalis muscles.

Temporalis

A fan-shaped muscle located on the side of the head that is involved in chewing.

Masseter

A thick muscle that plays a major role in the chewing of solid foods.

Zygomaticus Major

A muscle that raises the corners of the mouth, involved in smiling.

Zygomaticus Minor

A muscle that assists in elevating the upper lip, contributing to facial expressions.

Orbicularis Oculi

A circular muscle around the eye that enables closing of the eyelids.

Orbicularis Oris

A circular muscle around the mouth that controls movements of the lips.

Sternocleidomastoid

A muscle in the neck that helps in the rotation and flexion of the head.

Subscapularis

A muscle located on the anterior surface of the scapula, involved in shoulder rotation.

Supraspinatus

A muscle located above the spine of the scapula that assists in arm abduction.

Infraspinatus

A muscle located below the spine of the scapula that helps in external rotation of the arm.

Teres Minor

A small muscle that assists in the external rotation of the arm.

Rhomboid Major

A muscle that retracts the scapula and stabilizes it against the thoracic wall.

Rhomboid Minor

A smaller muscle that aids in the retraction and elevation of the scapula.

Latissimus Dorsi

A large muscle in the back that helps in the extension, adduction, and rotation of the shoulder.

Trapezius

A large muscle that extends down the back of the neck and upper spine, involved in moving the shoulder blades.

Teres Major

A muscle that assists in the internal rotation and adduction of the arm.

Biceps Brachii long

A muscle in the upper arm with two heads; the long head is located on the outer side.

Biceps Brachii short

A muscle in the upper arm with two heads; the short head is on the inner side.

Brachialis

A muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is responsible for elbow flexion.

Triceps Brachii (medial, lateral, long)

A muscle with three heads located at the back of the upper arm, responsible for elbow extension.

Brachioradialis

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the elbow.

Pronator Teres

A muscle that helps in pronating the forearm.

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A muscle that flexes and abducts the wrist.

Palmaris Longus

A muscle that assists in flexing the wrist.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A muscle that flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A muscle that flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A muscle that extends and abducts the wrist.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A muscle that extends and abducts the wrist, longer than the brevis.

Extensor Digitorum

A muscle that extends the fingers.

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A muscle that extends and adducts the wrist.

Supinator

A muscle that supinates the forearm.