Unit 3: Expansion, Sectionalism & Activism

A set of 31 vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, legal concepts, doctrines, and historical definitions from Unit 3: Expansion, Sectionalism & Activism.

Federalism

Division of power between national and state governments.

Judicial review

Supreme Court power to determine constitutionality.

Impressment

Forcing sailors into military service.

Nationalism

Pride and loyalty toward one's nation.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in America's God-given right to expand westward.

Mechanization

Using machines to perform work.

Urbanization

Movement from countryside to cities.

Isolationism

Avoiding involvement in foreign affairs.

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery.

Suffrage

Right to vote.

Suffragists

Supporters of women's voting rights.

Emancipation

Freedom from slavery.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one region over the country.

Secession

Withdrawal from a country or union.

Antebellum

Period before the Civil War.

Sovereignty

Authority to govern independently.

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

Gives Congress flexibility to pass laws necessary to carry out its constitutional responsibilities.

Supremacy Clause

Establishes federal law as supreme over conflicting state laws.

Interstate commerce

Trade or commercial activity between states.

Cottage industry

Small-scale production in which goods were handmade, often at home.

Domestic slave trade

The buying and selling of enslaved people within the United States.

Transatlantic slave trade

The forced transportation and trade of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.

Partisanship

Strong support for one political party, often accompanied by disagreement with opposing parties.

Immediate emancipation

Ending slavery without delay.

Extemporaneous

Spoken without being fully prepared or read from a written speech.

The Marshall Court

The Supreme Court during John Marshall's time as Chief Justice, which expanded federal power through several court cases.

Underground Railroad

A network of free African Americans and sympathetic white people to help enslaved people escape to the free North.

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Established rules for organizing and settling the Northwest Territory and outlined how a territory could eventually become a state, while prohibiting slavery.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Established America's position that the American continents should not be considered for future European colonization and that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs.

12th Amendment

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1804 that allowed presidential and vice-presidential candidates to run together.

Treaty of New Echota (1835)

Agreement that required the Cherokee to exchange their eastern lands for land in Oklahoma (Indian) Territory.