Public and Population Health 2

Primary Prevention

Action taken to prevent a disease, injury, or condition before it ever starts

Secondary Prevention

Finding and treating a disease or condition early, often before any symptoms show up, to stop it from getting worse

Tertiary Prevention

A healthcare approach that softens the lasting effects of an ongoing, established illness or injury

Incidence

New cases during a time period

= New cases ÷ Population at Risk

Prevalence

All existing cases at a point in time

= Existing cases ÷ Population

Mortality

Deaths within defined population/timeframe

Pharmacist Role in Public/Population Health

• Prevention & Immunization

• Medication Management

• Chronic Disease Management

• Health Data & Surveillance

• Advocacy & Health Policy

Justice

Fairness in resource allocation

Beneficence

Promoting good and preventing harm

Nonmaleficence

Avoiding actions that harm populations

Respect for Autonomy

Honoring individual choice

Emerging Ethical Themes

• Health equity & social justice

• Privacy in data use

• Cultural competence

• Trade-offs between efficiency and fairness