nutr 486 exam 1.

1 inch

2.54 cm

1 kg

2.2 lbs

1 L O2/min

5 kcal/min

1 lb of fat

3500 kcal

1 MET

3.5 mL/kg/min;
1 kcal/kg/hr

1 mph

26.82 m/min

1 Watt

6.12 kgm/min;
0.01433 kcal/min

26.2 mi

42,161 m

Absolute Energy Expenditure

1) VO2 (L/min)
2) VO2 (mL/min)
3) kcal/min
4) kJ/min

ACSM Arm Cycling Equation

VO2 \= [(3 x work rate)/body mass] + 3.5

ACSM Leg Cycling Equation

VO2 \= [(1.8 x work rate)/body mass] + 7

ACSM Running Equation

VO2 \= (0.2 x 26.82 x mph) + (0.9 x 26.82 x mph x % grade) + 3.5

ACSM Stepping Equation

VO2 \= (0.2 x steps/min) + [1.33 x (1.8 x step height x steps/min)] + 3.5

ACSM Walking Equation

VO2 \= (0.1 x 26.82 x mph) + (1.8 x 26.82 x mph x % grade) + 3.5

Average HR range

60-80 bpm

Cardiac Output

HR x SV

Expressions of Training Intensity

1) Energy expended per unit time: kcal/min
2) Absolute exercise level or power output: Watts, kgm/min
3) Relative metabolic level: % VO2max
4) Below, at, or above lactate threshold (Onset of Blood Lactic Acid - OBLA): mM lactate
5) Exercise HR: % HRmax, bpm
6) Multiples of resting metabolic rate: METs
7) Rating of perceived exertion: Borg's RPE scale \= 6-20 (respirations/minute, heart rate)

Gross VO2

total rate of oxygen consumption, reflecting the caloric cost of both rest and exercise

Human Absolute VO2 Range

200 - 7500+ mL/min

Human kcal/min range

1 --\> 37.5 kcal/min

Human MET range

1 - 27.85

Human relative VO2 range

3.5 - 97.5 ml/kg/min

Hyperpnea

heavy breathing

Hyperventilation

rapid breathing

Karvonen Formula

HRR \= HRmax - RHR

Monark arm ergometer distance/revolution

2.4m

Monark leg ergometer distance/revolution

6m

Net VO2

Consumption rate above resting oxygen uptake (3.5 ml/kg/min)

Peak VO2

gold standard criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness

Reference female

56.7 kg

Reference male

70 kg

Relative Energy Expenditure

1) VO2 (mL/kg/min)
2) METs
3) kcal/kg/min
4) kcal/kg/hr

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

the ratio of carbon dioxide expired to oxygen consumed at the level of the lungs - (Volume CO2 / VO2) Ventilatory measurement, reflects fas exchange b/t lungs and pulmonary blood; Exceeds 1.0 during heavy exercise due to buffering of lactic acid (produces CO2)

Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed

Resting respirations/minute

12

RQ \= 0.7

fat metabolism

RQ \= 0.8

protein metabolism

RQ \= 1.0

carbohydrate metabolism

RQ \= RER

resting/steady-state conditions, can never exceed 1.0

RQ baseline

5 kcal/L

Tunturi/Bodyguard ergometers distance/revolution

3m

Use of Absolute VO2

convert consumption to a rate of energy expenditure

Use of Relative VO2

Convert VO2 among varying body sizes

Work rate (kgm/min)

resistance (kg) x distance per revolution x pedal frequency per minute