Chapter 18: Document Examination

questioned document

Any object that contains handwriting or typescript and whose source or authenticity is in doubt is referred to as a(n) _________.

likely

Variations in mechanical, physical, and mental functions make it (likely,unlikely) that the writing of two different individuals can be distinguished.

Known, Questioned

In a problem involving the authorship of handwriting, all characteristics of both the ________ and _________ documents must be considered and compared.

False

True or False: A single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a positive comparison.

False

True or False: Normally, known writings needs not contain words and combinations of letters present in the questions document.

Less

As the age difference between genuine and unknown specimens becomes greater, the standard tends to become __________ representative of the unknown.

Gilbert v. California

In the Supreme Court case of __________ the Court upheld the taking of handwriting exemplars before the appointment of counsel and determined handwriting to be non testimonial evidence not protected by Fifth Amendment privileges.

Conscious

When requested writing is being given by a suspect, care must be taken to minimize a(n) __________ writing effort.

Individual

Random wear and damage to a type writer impart it with _________ characteristics.

Ultraviolet, Infrared

Examination of a document under ________ or ________ lighting may reveal chemical erasures of words or numbers.

Infrared

Some inks, when exposed to blue-green light, absorb the __________ radiation and emit light.

Infrared-Sensitive

Handwriting containing inks of different chemical compositions may be distinguished by photography with __________ film.

Indented

_________ writings are partially visible impressions that appear on a sheet of paper that, at the time of writing, was underneath the one on which the visible writing was done.

Thin-Layer

Many ink dyes can be separated by the technique of ____________ chromatography.