Chapters 7-10: Sleep-Wake, Mood, Eating, and Schizophrenia Disorders

Flashcards covering definitions and key terms for Eating Disorders, Sleep-Wake Disorders, Mood and Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, Suicide, and Schizophrenia.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by out of control or excessive eating episodes followed by self-induced purging.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder in which an individual eats small amounts of food and exercises excessively to drop body weight, characterized by an intense fear of obesity and a relentless pursuit of thinness.

Binge Eating Disorder

An eating disorder involving eating in a discrete period of time with a lack of control over eating, without purging.

Prozac

A drug treatment used for eating disorders that results in a reduction in binge eating.

Obesity

A condition characterized by two forms of maladaptive eating patterns (binge eating and night eating syndrome), involving psychological processes of emotional regulation, impulse control, attitude, and motivation.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A medical screening tool that measures the ratio of height to weight to know the amount of fat.

Dyssomnia

A category of sleep disorders involving difficulties in getting enough sleep or problems sleeping when wanted, with complaints about sleep quality and not feeling refreshed.

Parasomnia

A category of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavior or physiological events during sleep, such as nightmares and sleepwalking (somnambulism).

Polysomnographic Evaluation

An evaluation in which a patient spends one or more nights sleeping in a sleep laboratory while being monitored.

Insomnia

Difficulty falling asleep at bedtime or problems staying asleep.

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness, manifested by either sleeping longer or frequently falling asleep during the day.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder involving episodes of irresistible attacks of sleep, accompanied by catalepsy.

Catalepsy

A sudden loss of muscle tone that accompanies narcolepsy sleep attacks.

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder

Breathing difficulties that occur during sleep and lead to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder

A sleep disorder caused by a discrepancy between the sleep-wake schedule required by a person to be rested and the person's environment.

Disorder of Arousal

A parasomnia characterized by motor movements and behavior that occur during NREM sleep.

Nightmare Disorder

A sleep disorder characterized by being awakened by extended and extremely frightening dreams.

Substance Induced Sleep Disorder

Severe sleep disturbances caused by substance intoxication or withdrawal.

Phase Delays

An environmental treatment for sleep disorders that involves moving bedtime later.

Mood

The predominant, pervasive, and sustained feeling state of an individual.

Unipolar Mood Disorder

A mood disorder category referring to experiencing a singular mood state.

Bipolar Mood Disorder

A mood disorder category referring to experiencing two opposite moods (depressive and mania).

Depression

A low and sad state in which life seems dark and challenging, characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, and changes in sleep and appetite.

Mania

A state of breathless euphoria or excessive energy, characterized by intense elation or irritability, hyperactivity, talkativeness, and distractibility, typically lasting for 1 week.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

An extreme depressed mood state lasting at least 2 weeks that includes cognitive and disturbed physical functions, requiring depressed mood or loss of interest and 5 or more symptoms.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A depressive disorder characterized by depressed mood for at least 2 years, during which the patient cannot be symptom-free for more than 2 months and exhibits 2 or more symptoms.

Double Depression

A condition occurring in individuals who suffer from both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Dysthymia with fewer symptoms.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A depressive disorder involving physical symptoms, severe mood swings, anxiety, and incapacitation occurring 1 week before menses.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A disorder characterized by severe recurrent temper outbursts verbally and behaviorally, with persistent negative mood for at least 1 year before age 10.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A depressive disorder where episodes must be recurrent for at least 2 years with no non-seasonal major depressive episodes.

Grief

A reaction involving depressive symptoms, anxiety, emotional numbness, and denial due to the death of a loved one.

Integrated Grief

A form of grief where the finality of death and its consequences are acknowledged, and the individual adjusts to the loss.

Complicated Grief

A form of grief that lasts beyond the typical time, persisting after 6 months to a year.

Bipolar I Disorder

A bipolar disorder defined by at least 1 episode of mania, typically onset between 15-18 years old.

Bipolar II Disorder

A bipolar disorder characterized by 1 major depressive episode and 1 hypomanic episode (hypomania lasting for at least 4 days), typically onset between 19-22 years old.

Cyclothymia

A chronic form of bipolar disorder lasting 2 years (where patient cannot be symptom-free for more than 2 months), featuring 1 week or more of abnormal persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and at least 3 symptoms.

Suicide

Death from deliberate self-injury; it is the 3rd leading cause of death in individuals aged 15-24 years old, with 70% resulting from a mood disorder.

Suicide Ideation

Thoughts of killing oneself.

Suicide Attempt

Behavior intended to kill oneself.

Non-suicidal Self Injury

Behaviors intended to injure oneself without intent to kill oneself.

Anomic Suicide

A type of suicide committed by people who feel let down by society and have experienced major change.

Egoistic Suicide

A type of suicide committed by people who are alienated and unconcerned with societal norms.

Altruistic Suicide

A type of suicide committed by people who believe taking their life will benefit society.

Schizophrenia

A disorder defined by abnormalities in one or more of five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia characterized by excesses of thought, emotions, and behavior.

Delusions

A positive symptom of schizophrenia defined as a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality, held contrary to what everyone else believes even with obvious proof or evidence.

Hallucinations

A positive symptom of schizophrenia defined as a perception-like experience with the clarity and impact of true perception but without external stimulation.

Illusion

A misperception or misinterpretation of a real external stimulus.