Week 2

Epithelium

A type of tissue that lines body cavities and covers surfaces; consists of closely packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix.

Avascularity

The condition of having few to no blood vessels; a characteristic of epithelial tissue.

Basement membrane

A thin, fibrous layer that anchors epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissue.

Simple Epithelium

A single layer of cells that is in direct contact with the basement membrane.

Stratified Epithelium

Multiple layers of cells; only the deepest layer contacts the basement membrane.

Transitional Epithelium

A type of epithelium that can change shape depending on stretching; found in the urinary tract.

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelium lining the inside of blood vessels.

Mesothelium

Simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities; derived from mesoderm.

Connective Tissue

A diverse group of tissues that support, bind together, and protect other tissues and organs in the body.

Collagen

A primary protein in connective tissue, providing strength and flexibility.

Fibroblasts

Cells in connective tissue that produce fibrous proteins and ground substance.

Adipocytes

Fat cells that store energy and provide cushioning.

Macrophages

Immune cells within connective tissue that engulf foreign substances.

Stratum Corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead keratinized cells.

Keratinocytes

The main cell type in the epidermis responsible for producing keratin.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis, composed of connective tissue.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.

Ligaments

Connective tissue that connects bones to other bones and supports joints.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue found in many areas including joints, ears, and nose.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone.

Spongy Bone

Lighter, less dense bone that is found inside bones, containing red or yellow bone marrow.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the bone matrix.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in the bone marrow.

What is the primary role of epithelial tissue?

To line body cavities and cover surfaces.

What is avascularity in epithelial tissue?

It means the tissue has few to no blood vessels.

How does a simple epithelium differ from a stratified epithelium?

A simple epithelium has one layer of cells, while a stratified epithelium has multiple layers.

What is the function of the basement membrane?

It anchors epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissues.

Where is transitional epithelium found?

In the urinary tract, and it can change shape with stretching.

What type of epithelium lines blood vessels?

Endothelium, which is simple squamous epithelium.

What does mesothelium cover?

It lines body cavities derived from the mesoderm.

What are the main components of connective tissue?

Cells, fibers, and ground substance.

What is the function of fibroblasts?

They produce fibrous proteins and ground substance in connective tissues.

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is lighter and contains marrow.

The _______ is the outermost layer of the skin, composed of dead keratinized cells.

Stratum Corneum

______ tissue consists of closely packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix.

Epithelium

The process of blood cell formation occurs in the _______ marrow.

bone

________ are the main cells in the epidermis responsible for producing keratin.

Keratinocytes

The _______ skeleton includes the skull and spinal column, providing central support.

Axial

______ tissue connects bones to other bones at joints.

Ligaments

A _______ is a type of connective tissue that provides cushioning and stores energy.

Adipocyte

________ epithelium is found lining body cavities and is derived from mesoderm.

Mesothelium

The _______ layer of the skin is composed of connective tissue beneath the epidermis.

Dermis

_________ are immune cells in connective tissue that engulf foreign substances.

Macrophages

What is the primary function of the epithelium?

To cover and line body surfaces.

What characterizes stratified epithelium?

It has multiple layers of cells.

Where is simple squamous epithelium commonly found?

In areas where diffusion and filtration occur, like alveoli.

What is the role of collagen in connective tissues?

It provides strength and structure.

What type of connective tissue stores energy?

Adipose tissue.

What is a defining feature of dense connective tissue?

It has a high density of collagen fibers.

What is the primary role of fibroblasts?

To produce fibers and extracellular matrix.

How does transitional epithelium function?

It stretches and recoils to accommodate fluctuating volumes of fluid.

What is the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

To maintain bone matrix and monitor bone health.

What type of tissue is blood classified as?

A specialized form of connective tissue.