Middle-Late Childhood Development & Self-Evaluation

What are the general developmental tasks for middle-to-late childhood?

Skill learning, increasing cognitive/social/emotional sophistication, self-evaluation, peer relationship building, and adjusting to formal/informal education.

What are the three contributions of friendship to social development in childhood?

1. Assisting children in taking the view/perspective of others.

2. Developing sensitivity to peer group norms and pressures.

3. Experiencing relational closeness and emotional support.

What are the two contexts of self-evaluation used by children?

1. Internal frame of reference: Gauging oneself in one aspect compared to another aspect of oneself.

2. External frame of reference: Using other people as a basis of comparison for oneself.

Internal frame of reference

Gauging oneself in one aspect compared to another aspect of oneself.

External frame of reference

Using other people as a basis of comparison for oneself.

What is self-compassion, and what are its three components?

Self-compassion is treating oneself with kindness rather than harsh judgment during failures. (Components typically include self-kindness vs. self-judgment, common humanity vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs. over-identification).