psychology quiz 3

quiz 3

what does short-term memory do. does it have capacity limits

briefly stores information. has capacity limits

what does long term memory do. does it have capacity limits

permanently stores information. has unlimited capacity

serial position curve. what types of remembering is included. 1. no break or pause. 2. recall in any order. 3. no hints/help or extra info

immediate. free. recall.

what does the serial position curve look like. first and last curve names

looks like a U. primacy and recency

hypothesis for SPC. explain what primacy and recency are driven by

recency effect is driven by STM. primacy effect is driven by LTM

the distractor experiment. method. (3)

participants learn a list. sometimes given a distractor task. asked to recall list

distractor experiment results. impact?

distractor reduced recency. distractor had no impact on primary.

how much info can be stored in STM. how is it measured.

STM is measured by the memory span

what is the magical number and why

7. People usually remember 7 things

what is chunking ex. GPA. FBI

remembering acronyms to remember more.

Reasoning Experiment. method (2) (rehearsing 587 while answering a question)

participants see digit strings and rehearse them aloud. During rehearsal, they decide whether a statement is true

results and conclusion of the reasoning experiment. were we right or wrong

results. it was hard. conclusion. we were wrong about attention and memory

what is working memory

it stores and processes information

baddeleys model of working memory (5)

central executive. phonological loop. episodic buffer. visuospatial sketch pad. long term memory

what does the central executive control (3)

phonological store. episodic buffer. visuo-spatial sketchpad

baddeleys phonological loop. roles and evidence

roles. retains speech for abt. 2 secs. translates visual info to speech. refreshes info through rehearsal. evidence. irrelevent speech effect

irrelevant speech effect - evidence for phonological loop

hard to recall words with irrelevant speech

baddeleys visuo - spatial sketchpad. roles (2)

similar to iconic memory. storing and processing mental images.

Results and conclusion of spatial rotation

results. if ppl had to mentally rotate an image more, it took them longer to respond. conclusion. provides evidence for the sketchpad.

what is baddeleys episodic buffer. what does it do (2) and allow

binds info between phonological store and visuo-spatial sketchpad. sends and receives money info from LTM. allows chuncking.

what is the central executive and what does it do. does is have limited capacity.

the boss. measures memory and attention/processing. limited capacity

working memory span task. method

read series of sentences. recall last word from each sentence

what are the three stages of memory

encoding. storage. retrieval

encoding: manipulations. (2)

type of simuli. learning condition. (words vs. images)

retrieval. manipulations (1). dependant measures (3)

type of test (free recall, cued recall, recognition). Dependant measures: accuracy, reaction times, metacognition.

LTM. explicit (declarative) 2 plus example

conscious. put into words. remembering to bring your bike

LTM. implicit (non-declarative) 2 plus example

unconscious. cant put into words. remembering how to ride a bike

two parts of explicit memory

semantic and episodic

semantic memory.

memories that are not bound to a specific context

episodic memory.

memories that are bound to a specific context

what is dissociation. changes to variables?

a manipulation creates a change to one variable and not the other

double dissociation. changes to variables?

a manipulation creates a change to one variable and not the other. separate manipulation creates change to other variable

episodic vs. semantic case study. italian woman vs. KC. which part was impaired vs intact

italian woman. impaired semantic and intact episodic. kc. intact semantic and impaired espisodic.

relationship between episodic and semantic memory. can memories become others. (laundry paragraph)

espisodic memories can become semantic.

what is autobiographical memory. (rememberer)

memory for information in which the rememerer plays a role

autobiographical memory. methods of study. 3

cue words. diaries. interviews.

overall patterns 3

infantile amnesia. recency effect. reminiscence bump

childhood amnesia. explanations 3

neurological. linguistic. forgetting

reminiscence bump experiment. fromholt et al. 2003. participants and procedure

100 years old. healthy young seniors. participants asked to tell events from their lives

what causes a reminiscence bumps 3

physical development. shared life expectations. cognitive hypothesis

cognitive hypothesis experiment. encoding is better during periods of rapid change. procedure

immigrants were interviewed abt their lives.

cognitive hypothesis experiment results and conclusions.

results. bumps look different.

flashbulb memories. vivid? when do they occur?

vivid. memories from emotionally charged events.

delayed test experiment. procedure (3 phases). results. conclusions.

phase 1. subjects study words. phase 2. immediate tests. phase 3. delayed test. implicit. no effect of test delay. explicit. was an effect. things learned better when unconcious