Lecture exam ch.1

What is anatomy?

Study of structure of the human body

What is physiology?

Study of the body function

What is gross anatomy?

Study of body’s structures using the naked eye (something large)

What is Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)?

Study of body’s small structures, such as tissues, using a microscope.

What are the 7 Levels of Organization?

1. Chemical level

2. Organelle Level

3. Cellular level

4. Tissue level

5. Organ level

6. Organ System level

7. Organismal level

What is the Chemical level?

Atoms combine to form molecules

What is the Cellular level?

Cells are made up of molecules

What is the Tissue level?

Tissues consist of similar types of cells

What is the Organ level?

Organs are made up of different types of tissues

What is the Organ System level?

Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

What is the Organismal level?

Human organism is made up of many organ systems

What is Anatomical position?

reference point

• Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward.

• Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.

What is the Axial region?

main axis of body (head, neck, and trunk)

What is the Cephalic?

Head

• Includes frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, and mental

What is the mental?

Chin

What is the Cervical?

Neck

What is the Thoracic?

chest

• Includes axillary, sternal, and mammary

What is the axillary?

Armpit

What is the sternal?

Breastbone

What is the Abdominal region?

abdomen

• Includes umbilical

What is the Pelvic region?

pelvis

• Includes inguinal

What is the inguinal?

Groin

What is the Appendicular region?

Limbs

What’s it the Upper limb region?

• Includes acromial, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, and carpal

What is the Acromial?

Shoulder

What is the Brachial?

Upper arm

What is the Antecubital?

Front of elbow

What is the Antebrachial?

Forearm

What is the Carpal?

Wrist

What is the Manus?

hand

• Includes pollex, palmar, and digital

What is the pollex?

Thumb

What is the Lower limb?

• Includes coxal, femoral, patellar, crural, fibular/peroneal

What is the Coxal?

Hip

What is the Femoral?

Thigh

What is the Patellar?

Kneecap

What is the Crural?

Lower leg

What is the Fibular/Peroneal?

outer lower leg

What is the Pedal?

Foot

• Includes tarsal, metatarsal, digital, and hallux

What is Tarsal?

Ankle

What is Metatarsal?

Middle of foot

What is Hallux?

Big toe

What is Otic?

Ear

What is Occipital?

Back of the head

What is the Dorsum region?

• Includes scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, and gluteal

What is the Scapular?

Shoulder blade

What is the Vertebral?

Spine

What is the Lumbar?

Lower back

What is the Sacral?

lower back, between the hip bones

What is the Gluteal?

Buttocks

What is the Perineal?

between the legs, behind the genitals

What is the Olecranal?

Back of elbow

What is the Metacarpal?

Palm/hand

What is the Popliteal?

Back of knee

What is the Sural?

Calf

What is the Calcaneal?

Heel

What is Anterior?

toward or at the front of the body

Ex) Breastbone is anterior to spine

What is Posterior?

toward or at the back of the body
Ex) Heart is posterior to breastbone

What is Superior?

toward the head and/or upper part of the body; the top of the body or above another body part
Ex) Head is superior to the chest.

What is Inferior?

toward the bottom of the body or below another body part
Ex) Stomach is inferior to the heart

What is Cranial?

related to the skull (cranium) or the head

What is Caudal?

toward the tail or lower end of the body

What is Medial?

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side

Ex) The heart is medial to the arm.

What is Lateral?

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side
Ex) The arms are lateral to the chin.

What is Ventral?

front side of body (belly)
Ex) The chest is on the ventral side.

What is Dorsal?

back side of body

What is Proximal?

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
Ex) The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

What is Distal?

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
Ex) The knee is distal to the thigh.

What is Superficial?

toward or at the body surface
Ex) The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.

What is Deep?

away from the body surface; internal
Ex) Lungs are deep to the skin.

What is Midsagittal?

divides the body into equal left and right halves; lies vertically.

What is Parasagittal?

divides the body into unequal left and right portions; lies vertically.

What is Transverse (cross-sectional)?

runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

What is Coronal (frontal)?

lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

What is Oblique?

divides the body at an angle.

What is the Dorsal cavity?

contains the cranial and vertebral cavities.

What is the Cranial cavity?

contains the brain

What is the Vertebral cavity?

contains the spinal cord.

What is the Ventral body cavity?

contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

What is the Thoracic cavity?

contains the heart and lungs.

What is the Pleural cavity?

space surrounding each lung

What is Pericardial cavity?

space surrounding the heart

What is the Mediastinum?

central space of the thoracic cavity

Contains the Esophagus, trachea

What is the Abdominopelvic cavity?

contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

What is the abdominal cavity?

Contains the Liver, stomach, large and small intestine

What is the pelvic cavity?

Contains the bladder

What is the oral cavity?

Space inside mouth

What is the nasal cavity?

space inside the nose

What are the orbital cavities?

eye sockets

What are the paranasal sinuses (cavities)?

air-filled spaces around the nasal cavity