teach for lang arts test #1

Simple View of Reading

Reading Comprehension = Decoding × Language Comprehension.

Decoding

The ability to accurately read/recognize words.

Language Comprehension

The ability to understand the meaning of language.

Print Awareness

Understanding how print and books work.

Dialogic Reading

Interactive reading where the child actively participates.

CROWD

Completion, Recall, Open-ended, Wh- questions, Distancing.

PEER

Prompt, Evaluate, Expand, Repeat.

Letter Knowledge

Knowing letter names, shapes, and sounds.

Teaching Letter Shapes/Handwriting

Explicitly model letter formation, starting point, direction, and provide practice.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound that can change meaning.

Phonological Awareness

Awareness and manipulation of spoken language, including words, syllables, onset-rime, and phonemes.

Syllable

A word part containing a vowel sound.

Onset

The sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable.

Rime

The vowel sound plus the sounds after it.

Peak

The vowel sound in a syllable.

Coda

The sound(s) after the vowel.

Rime Formula

Rime = Peak + Coda.

Syllable Formula

Onset + Rime.

Phonemic Awareness

The ability to identify and manipulate individual phonemes.

Phonemic Blending

Combining individual sounds to make a word.

Phonemic Segmentation

Breaking a word into individual sounds.

Counting Phonemes

Count sounds, NOT letters.

Types of Phonemes

Consonants and vowels.

Consonant

A sound made with airflow blocked or restricted.

Vowel

A sound produced with relatively open airflow.

Teaching Phonological Awareness

Teach oral skills such as rhyming, syllables, onset-rime, blending, segmenting, and manipulating sounds.

Identifying Same Phonemes

Identify words that contain the same sound, even if spelled differently.

Allophone

A variation in how a phoneme is pronounced that does not change meaning.

Phoneme vs. Allophone

Phoneme = sound category; allophone = pronunciation variation of that sound.

Wedge

1 syllable, 3 phonemes: /w/ /ĕ/ /j/. Onset = /w/, rime = /ĕj/.

Jungle

2 syllables, 6 phonemes: /j/ /ŭ/ /ŋ/ /g/ /ə/ /l/.

Sight

1 syllable, 3 phonemes: /s/ /ī/ /t/. Onset = /s/, rime = /īt/.

Hard /j/ Sound

Wedge has /j/ at the end; jungle has /j/ at the beginning.