Form 2 Science: UASA Model Paper 1 & 2 Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering scientific inquiry, plant classification, types of immunity, acids and alkalis, acoustics and ultrasound, mechanics of force and pressure, and basic biological concepts from Form 2 Science.

Operational Definition of the Rate of Evaporation of Water

The condition indicated by the time taken for damp filter paper to dry when placed in environments with different air humidity.

Fair Experiment (Evaporation Study)

An experimental setup maintained by keeping only one manipulated variable, which is air humidity.

Monocotyledon Plant (Plant P)

A class of plant that has non-woody stems, leaves with parallel veins, and fibrous root systems (such as paddy or pandan plants).

Dicotyledon Plant (Plant Q)

A class of plant that possesses woody stems, leaves with network veins, and a tap root system (such as sunflower plants or large trees).

Active Artificial Immunity (Immunity Graph K)

Immunity produced when a vaccine containing dead or weakened pathogens is injected into the body, stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies and achieve long-lasting immunity.

Passive Artificial Immunity (Immunity Graph L)

Immunity acquired through an antiserum injection containing ready-made antibodies that provide immediate, short-term protection against a specific pathogen.

Passive Natural Immunity

Immunity acquired by an infant through antibodies naturally received via breast milk from the mother.

Active Natural Immunity

Immunity developed by an individual's own immune system producing antibodies after recovering from an infectious disease, such as measles.

Properties of an Alkali

Chemical characteristics including a bitter taste, a $\text{pH}$ value greater than $7$, and the ability to turn moist red litmus paper blue.

Slaked Lime (Calcium Hydroxide)

An alkaline substance applied to infertile, acidic soil to neutralize acidity and restore soil fertility for healthy plant growth.

Acid Rain

Precipitation with a $\text{pH}$ value of less than $7$, formed when rainwater reacts with industrial exhaust gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide to produce sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

Sound Reflection (Echo)

The bouncing back of sound waves when they strike hard, smooth surfaces such as concrete walls and hardwood floors, causing reflected sound repetition.

Sound Absorber

A soft, porous material such as curtains, carpets, or cushioned chairs that absorbs sound waves to prevent echoes and excessive noise propagation.

Ultrasound Scanner Probe

A medical device that emits ultrasound waves into the uterus; the reflected waves from the foetus are processed to display an image on a monitor screen.

Moment of Force

The turning effect produced when a force is applied to an object about a fixed pivot, calculated by $\text{Moment of force} = \text{Force} \times \text{Perpendicular distance from the pivot to the force}$.

Pressure and Contact Surface Area (Pencil Test)

The principle that pressure is inversely proportional to surface area; the sharp tip $P$ exerts higher pressure and feels more painful than the blunt flat end $Q$ when identical force is applied.

High Heels on Beach Sand

A scenario where high heels with very small surface areas exert high pressure on the ground, causing them to sink deeply into loose sand and hindering movement.

Population

A group of organisms of the same species that live together in the same habitat at the same time.

Goiter

A visible swelling in the neck region caused by a dietary deficiency of iodine.

Lipase

A digestive enzyme responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Leptospirosis

A contagious bacterial disease caused by the pathogen Leptospira sp., commonly transmitted by rats acting as vectors.