Thiamine

Active form of thiamine

Thiamine Pyrophosphate

Thiamine is a cofactor for what 3 enzymes

pyruvate dehyrdogenase, transketolase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehyrdogenase

Sources of thiamine

whole grains, fortified cereals, pork

where does digestion occur?

jejunum

Causes of thiamine deficiency?

Low intake, decreased absorption, increased needs, increased loses

What are the two organs are most affected by thiamine deficiency?

Brain and Heart

What are the two major clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Beri Beri

What is dry beri beri

neurological condition that causes peripheral neuropathy, nerve pain,

what is wet beri beri

cardiovascular condition caused by thiamine deficiency that results in high output heart failure

What is wernicke encephalopathy

Life threatening neurological condition characterized by altered mental statys, ataxia, and opthalmoplegia

Damage to what region causes opthalmoplegia

brainstem

Damage to what region causes ataxia

cerebellum

Damage to what region results in altered mental status

thalamus

What is Korsakoff syndrome

Severe neurological condition characterized by severe and permanent memory impairments, including anterograde, and retrograde amnesia, and confabulation

What is the difference between Wernicke and Korsakoff

Wernicke is more acute and can be reversed if treated quickly, Korsakoff causes irreversible damage

what is the first symptoms of beri beri

anorexia, vomiting, lactic acidosis

how do clinicians screen for thiamine deficiency

measure transketolase activity

why can’t glucose be given before thiamine

Glucose increases the demand for thiamine