20 Standard Amino Acids

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26 Terms

1
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Glycine (Gly/G)

  • Nonpolar

  • Simplest AA

  • R-group: —H


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p>Simplest AA</p></li><li><p>R-group: —H</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alanine (Ala/A)

  • Nonpolar

  • Alkyl: Saturated hydrocarbon

  • R-group: —CH3


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p><strong>Alkyl:</strong> Saturated hydrocarbon</p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>3</sub></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Valine (Val/V)

  • Nonpolar

  • Alkyl: Saturated hydrocarbon

  • R-group: —CH(CH3)2


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p><strong>Alkyl:</strong> Saturated hydrocarbon</p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Leucine (Leu/L)

  • Nonpolar

  • Alkyl: Saturated hydrocarbon

  • R-group: —CH2CH(CH3)2


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p><strong>Alkyl:</strong> Saturated hydrocarbon</p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Isoleucine (Ile/I)

  • Nonpolar

  • Alkyl: Saturated hydrocarbon

  • R-group: —CH(CH3) -CH2CH3

    • L-Shaped CH3 ← (IsoLeucine)


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p><strong>Alkyl:</strong> Saturated hydrocarbon</p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH(CH<sub>3</sub>) -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></p><ul><li><p>L-Shaped CH<sub>3</sub> ← (Iso<strong><u>L</u></strong>eucine)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Proline (Pro/P)

  • Nonpolar

  • Alkyl: Saturated hydrocarbon

  • R-group: CycloPent(N)

    • NOT aromatic (+ charge on Ring)


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p><strong>Alkyl:</strong> Saturated hydrocarbon</p></li><li><p>R-group: CycloPent(N)</p><ul><li><p>NOT aromatic (+ charge on Ring)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Methionine (Met/M)

  • Nonpolar

  • R-group: —CH2CH2-S-CH3

    • Sulfur


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-<strong>S</strong>-CH<sub>3</sub></p><ul><li><p>Sulfur</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Phenylalanine (Phe/F)

  • Aromatic

  • R-group: —CH2- Phenyl

    • Nonpolar


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#005f16" style="background-color: rgb(0, 95, 22); color: inherit;">Aromatic</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>- Phenyl</p><ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Tyrosine (Tyr/Y)

  • Aromatic

  • R-group: —CH2- Phenyl- OH

    • Nonpolar


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#005f16" style="background-color: rgb(0, 95, 22); color: inherit;">Aromatic</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>- Phenyl- OH</p><ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ffb900" style="background-color: rgb(255, 185, 0); color: inherit;">Nonpolar</mark></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Tryptophan (Trp/W)

  • Aromatic

  • R-group: —CH2- CycloPent(N)- Phenyl


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#005f16" style="background-color: rgb(0, 95, 22); color: inherit;">Aromatic</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>- CycloPent(N)- Phenyl</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cysteine (Cys/C)

  • Polar

  • R-group: —CH2- SH

    • Sulfur: Cysteine


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#5a00c8" style="background-color: rgb(90, 0, 200); color: inherit;">Polar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>- SH</p><ul><li><p>Sulfur: Cy<strong><u>s</u></strong>teine</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Serine (Ser/S)

  • Polar

  • R-group: —CH2OH

    • Hydroxyl


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#5a00c8" style="background-color: rgb(90, 0, 200); color: inherit;">Polar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p><ul><li><p>Hydroxyl</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Threonine (Thr/T)

  • Polar

  • R-group: —CH(OH)- CH3

    • Hydroxyl


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#5a00c8" style="background-color: rgb(90, 0, 200); color: inherit;">Polar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH(OH)- CH<sub>3</sub> </p><ul><li><p>Hydroxyl</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Asparagine (Asn/N)

  • Polar

  • R-group: —CH2 -C (=O)(NH2)

    • Carbonyl


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#5a00c8" style="background-color: rgb(90, 0, 200); color: inherit;">Polar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub> -C (=O)(NH<sub>2</sub>)</p><ul><li><p>Carbonyl</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Glutamine (Gln/Q)

  • Polar

  • R-group: —CH2CH2- C (=O)(NH2)

    • Hydroxyl


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#5a00c8" style="background-color: rgb(90, 0, 200); color: inherit;">Polar</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>- C (=O)(NH<sub>2</sub>)</p><ul><li><p>Hydroxyl</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Lysine (Lys/K)

Basic (+)

  • R-group: —CH2CH2CH2CH2 -NH3+

    • Amine


<p><mark data-color="#001cbb" style="background-color: rgb(0, 28, 187); color: inherit;">Basic (+)</mark></p><ul><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> -NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup></p><ul><li><p>Amine</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Arginine (Arg/R)

Basic (+)

  • R-group: —CH2CH2CH2 -NH -C(NH)(NH2+)

    • Amine


<p><mark data-color="#001cbb" style="background-color: rgb(0, 28, 187); color: inherit;">Basic (+)</mark></p><ul><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> -NH -C(NH)(NH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>)</p><ul><li><p>Amine</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Histidine (His/H)

  • Basic (+)

  • R-group: —CH2 -CycloPent(2N)

  • Amine


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#001cbb" style="background-color: rgb(0, 28, 187); color: inherit;">Basic (+)</mark></p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub> -CycloPent(2N)</p></li><li><p>Amine</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Aspartate (Asp/D)

  • Acid (-)

  • R-group: —CH2 -COO-

    • Carboxyl (COO-)


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ba0000" style="background-color: rgb(186, 0, 0); color: inherit;">Acid (-)</mark> </p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub> -COO<sup>-</sup></p><ul><li><p>Carboxyl (COO<sup>-</sup>)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Glutamate (Glu/E)

  • Acid (-)

  • R-group: —CH2CH2 -COO-

    • Carboxyl (COO-)


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#ba0000" style="background-color: rgb(186, 0, 0); color: inherit;">Acid (-)</mark> </p></li><li><p>R-group: —CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> -COO<sup>-</sup></p><ul><li><p>Carboxyl (COO<sup>-</sup>)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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General amino acid structure

H3N+ -CR- COOH

H3N+ -CR- CO — NH -CR- CO — NH -CR- COOH

<p>H<sub>3</sub>N+ -CR- COOH</p><p><mark data-color="#001487" style="background-color: rgb(0, 20, 135); color: inherit;">H<sub>3</sub>N+ -CR- CO</mark> — <span style=""><mark data-color="#6a00ff" style="background-color: rgb(106, 0, 255); color: inherit;">NH -CR- CO</mark></span> — <mark data-color="#920000" style="background-color: rgb(146, 0, 0); color: inherit;">NH -CR- COOH</mark></p>
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Nonpolar

  • Glycine (Gly, G)

  • Alanine (Ala, A)

  • Valine (Val, V)

  • Leucine (Leu, L)

  • Isoleucine (Ile, I)

  • Proline (Pro, P)

  • Methionine (Met, M)


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Aromatic

  • Phenylalanine (Phe, F)

  • Tyrosine (Tyr/Y)

  • Tryptophan (Trp, W)


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Polar

  • Cysteine (Cys, C)

  • Serine (Ser, S)

  • Threonine (Thr, T)

  • Asparagine (Asn, N)

  • Glutamine (Gln, Q)


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Basic

  • Lysine (Lys / K)

  • Arginine (Arg / R)

  • Histidine (His / H)


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Acidic

  • Aspartic Acid (Aspartate / Asp / D)

  • Glutamic Acid (Glutamate / Glu / E)