Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key figures, laws, historical events, literary works, and concepts from the Life and Works of Jose Rizal lecture notes.

Republic Act 1425

Also known as the Rizal Law, enacted in 1956 and signed by President Ramon Magsaysay on June 12, 1956, which mandates teaching the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in all educational institutions.

Senator Claro M. Recto

The principal author of the Rizal Law who believed that fostering a strong sense of national identity was crucial to the country's development.

Senator Jose P. Laurel

The Chair of the Senate Committee on Education who sponsored and defended the Rizal Law in the Senate despite opposition from religious groups.

Cavite Mutiny of 1872

A revolt by Filipino workers and soldiers in 1872 that led to the execution of the priests known as Gomburza.

Gomburza

The collective name for Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, whose execution in 1872 deeply impacted the rise of Filipino nationalism.

Propaganda Movement (1872–1892)

A movement led by Filipino reformists advocating for equal rights, representation in the Spanish Cortes, freedom of speech, and secularization of the clergy.

Manila Galleon Trade

A trans-Pacific trade route operating from 1565 to September 14, 1815, connecting Manila and Acapulco by trading Asian luxury goods for American gold and silver.

Urdaneta Route

Also known as the tornaviaje, the return maritime route from the Philippines to Mexico discovered by the Augustinian priest and navigator Fr. Andrés de Urdaneta.

Polo y servicios

A colonial system requiring forced labor from native Filipinos for infrastructure and colonial projects, causing widespread hardship and resentment.

King Charles III of Spain

The Spanish monarch who established the Royal Company of the Philippines to facilitate and improve trade between Spain and the Philippines.

Bourbon Reforms

A series of economic and administrative changes initiated by Spanish King Philip V and his successors to reduce Church power, curb illegal trade, and tighten Spanish control over colonies.

Cádiz Constitution of 1812

A liberal constitution framed in Spain that aimed to limit royal power, grant rights to citizens, and declare that sovereignty resides in the people.

Chinese Mestizos

A influential social class of mixed Chinese and Filipino heritage that grew significantly in the 19th century and played a major role in trade, commerce, and landownership.

Inquilinos

Tenants or leaseholders who rented large tracts of agricultural land, particularly friar estates, and sub-leased them to tenant cultivators known as kasamàs.

Domingo Lam-co

The full-blooded Chinese ancestor of Jose Rizal from Amoy, China, who adopted the surname Mercado in the early 17th century.

Gen. Paciano Rizal

Jose Rizal's older brother and mentor, who worked under Fr. Burgos, supported the reform movement, joined the Katipunan, and became a revolutionary general.

Saturnina Rizal

The eldest child in the Rizal family who later published the first Tagalog translation of Noli Me Tangere by Pascual H. Poblete.

Concepcion "Concha" Rizal

The eighth child of the Rizal family, whose death at age 3 marked Jose Rizal's first personal experience of profound grief.

Josefa "Panggoy" Rizal

The ninth child of the Rizal family who lived with epilepsy, joined the Katipunan after Jose's execution, and became president of its women's section.

Trinidad "Trining" Rizal

The tenth child of the Rizal family who co-founded the Asociacion Feminista Filipina (AFF) in 1905 and was a founding member of the first female Masonic lodge in the Philippines.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

Jose Rizal's teacher during his early formal schooling in Biñan, described as a tall, thin man with a long neck and sharp nose.

Compañerismo

A secret student organization founded by Jose Rizal while studying at the University of Santo Tomas (UST).

Dr. Louis de Wecker

A prominent French ophthalmologist in Paris under whom Jose Rizal trained between 1885 and 1886 to learn eye surgery techniques.

Dr. Otto Becker

A German ophthalmologist at the University Eye Hospital in Heidelberg under whom Rizal worked to master the use of the ophthalmoscope.

La Liga Filipina

A civic reformist organization founded by Jose Rizal in 1892 advocating peaceful reforms, mutual protection, and social unity prior to his exile.

Dapitan

The town in Zamboanga del Norte where Jose Rizal was exiled by Spanish authorities for four years from 1892 to 1896.

Fort Santiago

The Spanish military fortress in Intramuros, Manila, where Jose Rizal was imprisoned before his military trial for sedition and rebellion.

Bagumbayan

The site of Jose Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896, currently known as Luneta or Rizal Park.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

A 1609 historical work written by Antonio de Morga that Jose Rizal re-published in 1890 with detailed annotations to highlight pre-colonial Filipino culture and civilization.

Leonor Rivera

Jose Rizal's childhood sweetheart and long-time love who served as his primary inspiration for the character Maria Clara in Noli Me Tangere.

Josephine Bracken

An Irish woman from Hong Kong who traveled to Dapitan, became Rizal's common-law wife, and remained with him until his execution in 1896.

Crisostomo Ibarra

The central idealistic protagonist of Noli Me Tangere who believes in peaceful reform, progress, and social upliftment through education.

Simoun

The main character of El Filibusterismo who is Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise as a wealthy jeweler, plotting a radical revolution out of disillusionment with peaceful reform.

The Philippines: A Century Hence

An essay written by Jose Rizal predicting the future political trajectory of the Philippines under Spanish rule or as an independent nation.

On the Indolence of the Filipinos

An essay by Jose Rizal that disproved colonial claims of inherent Filipino laziness, attributing reduced economic activity to Spanish oppression, bad governance, and tropical conditions.

Bayani

A Filipino concept for a hero who demonstrates courage, selflessness, service, and sacrifice for the community and nation.