IB Digital Society HL Core Technical & Exam Guide Flashcards

Forty practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards testing core concepts, command terms, algorithms, network structures, validation rules, AI, and real-world case studies from IB Digital Society HL.

The command term __________ requires the candidate to give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept, or physical quantity.

Define

According to the 2-mark question structure formula, Score (2/2) = Core Technical Definition (1 mark) + __________.

Key Characteristic / Purpose / Example (1 mark)

The command term Explain targets AO2 (Application), carries a mark range of 4–6 marks, and demands a detailed account including reasons or causes, focusing on __________.

how and why

The command term __________ demands breaking down information in order to bring out essential elements or structure, identifying parts and relationships.

Analyze

A __________ key is a field in one database table that uniquely identifies a row in another table, creating a relational link.

Foreign

In the 5 Vs of Big Data, __________ refers to the trustworthiness, accuracy, and quality of data.

Veracity

__________ is the process of hiding original data with random characters or proxy data during software testing while preserving structural length.

Data Masking

__________ learning involves training an algorithm using labeled datasets where input variables are explicitly paired with correct target output labels.

Supervised

A __________ model is an algorithmic architecture whose internal calculations and decision pathways are mathematically opaque and unexplainable to human operators.

Black Box

__________ is a basic sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through a list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

Bubble Sort

A __________ produces a physical paper record from e-voting devices that allows human inspection of votes before digital storage.

Voter-Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)

__________ memory, such as RAM, loses stored data when powered off.

Volatile

__________ is the core routing protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems across the internet core.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

__________ filters network traffic by inspecting both the header and actual data payload of network traffic passing an inspection point.

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)

A __________ algorithm produces a unique visual fingerprint of a media file, allowing platforms to match duplicate or modified images regardless of file format.

Perceptual Hashing

In a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), two neural networks called the Generator and the __________ compete to create realistic synthetic data.

Discriminator

__________ is the conversion of words, images, or data points into numerical vectors in a multi-dimensional space to compute semantic similarity.

Vector Embedding

__________ is a remote sensing method using pulsed laser beams to measure distance and generate high-resolution 3D environmental maps.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

__________ robotics involves the coordination of multiple simple physical robots operating autonomously using local rules and peer communication without central control.

Swarm

In 2016, __________ harvested profile data from up to 87 million Facebook users without explicit consent to build psychographic profiles for political advertising.

Cambridge Analytica

In 2013, disclosures by __________ exposed global surveillance systems like PRISM that collected bulk telecommunication metadata.

Edward Snowden

Dutch courts shut down __________, a government algorithm used to detect welfare fraud that targeted low-income and immigrant neighborhoods, due to human rights violations.

SyRI (System Risk Indication)

The __________ cyber attack in 2010 targeted Siemens SCADA systems to physically destroy nuclear centrifuges at Natanz in Iran.

Stuxnet

48 hours before polls opened in 2023, synthetic audio of a political candidate discussing plans to rig the election circulated during the __________ election.

Slovakia

__________ aggregated billions of public web photos to build a facial recognition search engine sold to law enforcement agencies worldwide.

Clearview AI

A UN Panel of Experts Report in 2021 noted that autonomous loitering munitions known as __________ drones were deployed in Libya.

Kargu-2 Quadcopter

In the validation types summary table, a __________ check checks that a value falls within the specified range, such as hours worked being between 0 and 50.

Range

A __________ check uses the last one or two digits in a code to check that the other digits are correct, such as in supermarket bar code readers.

Check digit

Based on the social media summary table, a user's password is categorized as __________ information.

Confidential

The characteristic of an algorithm stating that algorithms must terminate after a finite number of steps is called __________.

Finiteness

While an ISP acts as a gateway providing internet access, the World Wide Web (WWW) is defined as a collection of linked __________ and resources (websites).

documents

__________ encryption uses two distinct but mathematically linked keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Asymmetric

A __________ (Personal Area Network) covers a very fast short range of 1 to 10 meters.

PAN

A __________ connects wired devices together efficiently by knowing which 2 devices are communicating, unlike a hub which broadcasts to all devices.

switch

The __________ layer of the TCP/IP stack breaks data into smaller segments to ensure smooth data transfer and correct arrival order.

Transport

According to the First Law of Robotics, a robot cannot harm a __________ or let one come to harm.

human

The __________ test determines if a human talking to a machine and a human behind curtains can reliably tell which is the human.

Turing

For every robot added per 1,000 workers in the U.S., wages decline by 0.42% and the employment-to-population ratio drops by __________ percentage points.

0.2

The @KamalaHQ campaign transformed policy responses into digestible short-form clips on __________, generating tens of millions of views among younger voters.

TikTok

The loss of public trust in authentic video and audio evidence caused by generative deepfakes is called the __________ Dividend.

Liar's