Electron Transport Chain and Cellular Respiration Notes (copy)

Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In prokaryotes, it's located in the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, it's in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

To transfer high-energy electrons from NADH/FADH2, reduce oxygen, pump protons to generate a gradient, and synthesize ATP.

What is the initial entry point for electrons in the electron transport chain?

NADH donates electrons to the ETC at the initial entry point, which is FMN.

What does the flow of electrons through the ETC ultimately lead to?

The flow of electrons leads to proton pumping, creating a gradient used for ATP synthesis.

How many protons are pumped per NADH entering the electron transport chain?

A total of six protons (H+) are pumped per NADH.

What is ATP synthase and what does it do?

ATP synthase is a membrane protein complex that protons re-enter through, causing it to rotate and drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

The final electron acceptor is oxygen.

What is the total ideal maximum ATP yield per glucose during respiration?

Approximately 38 ATP in prokaryotes and approximately 36 ATP in eukaryotes due to shuttle costs.

What major difference exists between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is O2 and yields more ATP, while in anaerobic respiration it is not O2 and yields less ATP.

Where do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the ETC occur in prokaryotes?

Glycolysis, prep step, and Krebs cycle occur in the cytoplasm; ETC and chemiosmosis occur at the plasma membrane.

In eukaryotes, where do glycolysis, the prep step, and the Krebs cycle occur?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, the prep step in the cytosol, and the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix.