Cell Review Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Cell Review Guide transcript covering organelle functions, transport mechanisms, protein synthesis, cell membrane properties, cellular reproduction, and solution tonicity.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Organelle involved in transport within the cell.

Mitochondria

Organelle that converts food into ATP.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that make proteins.

Nucleolus

Structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

Microfilaments and Microtubules

Structures that maintain cell shape.

Lysosomes

Organelles that break down waste and speed up enzyme reactions.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that packages and delivers proteins.

Centrioles

Organelles that organize spindle fibers during cellular reproduction.

Phagocytosis

Process by which a cell takes in large particles.

Pinocytosis

Process by which a cell takes in liquids.

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases substances.

Active Transport

Movement of substances against a concentration gradient requiring energy, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Passive Transport

Movement of substances down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration requiring no energy, such as diffusion.

Protein Export Pathway

The sequential path of making and exporting a protein: DNA to mRNA, ribosome, rough ER, transport vesicle, golgi body, and vesicle.

Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that controls what enters and leaves the cell and limits cell size.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a membrane protein.

Osmosis

Movement of $H_2O$ across a selectively permeable membrane.

Stages of the Cell Life Cycle

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

Spindle Fibers

Fibers that attach to chromosomes to pull them apart during cellular reproduction.

Chromatin

Loose, uncoiled DNA.

Chromosomes

Condensed, coiled DNA.

Chromatids

One copy of a duplicated chromosome.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with more solute outside the cell; water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with less solute outside the cell; water enters the cell and the cell swells.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with equal solute concentration; water moves equally and the cell stays the same size.