Russia in Revolution: Key Topic 1 and 2: The rule of Nicholas II 1894-1905 and the end of Romanov rule 1906-17

What describes Tsarist autocracy before 1905?

The Tsar held supreme authority and ministers were accountable to him. They answered to Nicholas.

What was the main purpose of Russification?

To impose Russian language and culture on national minorities.

What is the most important difference between the Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats?

The SRs emphasised the peasantry; the SDs emphasised the industrial working class. Both opposed Tsarism but their social bases and programmes differed.

Why did Bloody Sunday weaken Nicholas II’s authority?

The shooting of petitioners damaged faith in the Tsar as a protector. Nicholas known as the ‘Little Father’.

How did the October Manifesto help Nicholas II survive the 1905 Revolution?

Its concessions reassured many liberals and divided the opposition. It reduced support for continued revolution.

What feature of the 1906 Fundamental Laws preserved the Tsar’s power?

The Tsar retained a veto over legislation and appointed ministers. It was responsible for Nicholas - Duma existed.

What was the main effect of the June 1907 change to the electoral law?

It favoured landowners and wealthy voters, producing a more conservative Duma. It reduced the influence groups were more likely to challenge.

What was the central aim of Stolypin’s agricultural reforms?

To create prosperous individual peasant proprietors loyal to the regime. It gives successful peasants a stake in stability.

Why did Nicholas II’s decision to take military command in 1915 damage his reputation?

It made him more directly associated with military effects. He was with Rasputin - court influence also damaged confidence.

What development most directly prevented a repeat of the suppression of unrest in 1905 during February 1917?

Petrograd soldiers mutinied, undermining the regime’s ability to suppress protests. Into the collapse of the monarchy.