RADT 113: Thorax and Vertebral Column

Aka breastbone

• Flat bone

• A long, flat bone that lies vertically in the midline of the anterior chest wall

• Has a manubrium, body, and a xiphoid process

sternum

what type of bone is the sternum?

flat bone

Sternum

____________– the upper part of the sternum

• Separated from the body of the sternum by cartilage, fused later in life

• C

manubrium

sternum - manubrium:

_________ ___________( suprasternal notch) is a depression on the upper

surface of the manubrium of the sternum

• A

jugular notch

sternum - manubrium:

___________ _________R & L- lies obliquely on either side of the jugular

notch.

• They form joints with the medial end of the clavicles and form the sternoclavicular joints)

• B

clavicular notches

sternum - manubrium:

• what joint does the clavicular notches form at the medial end?

sternoclavicular joint

sternum - manubrium:

• D

Facet for 1st costal cartilage

sternum - manubrium:

• does the 2nd costal cartilage insert into a demi facet or a facet?

demi facet

sternum - manubrium:

__________ ________-inferior border of the manubrium that

articulates with the body-

• forms the sternal angle

inferior border

sternum - manubrium:

• what angle does the inferior border form?

sternal angle

sternum - manubrium:

___________ __________a prominent transverse ridge at the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum

• At the level of the 2nd costal cartilages (which in turn are attached to the second ribs)

• E

sternal angle

sternum - manubrium:

• what costal cartilage level is the sternal angle at?

2nd

sternum - manubrium:

• N

Facet for 2nd costal cartilage

Sternum:

____________- aka gladiolus- extends from the manubrium to the xiphoid process below

• the largest part of the sternum.

• Consists of 4 segments formed from separate centers of ossification which unite during adolescence to form a single bone

• F

Body

Sternum:

• Where in the sternum are the demi facets for the 2nd costal cartilage are?

Manubrium and Body

Sternum - Body:

• M

Facet for 3rd Costal Cartilage

Sternum - Body:

• L

Facet for 4th costal cartilage

Sternum - Body:

• K

facet for 5th costal cartilage

Sternum - Body:

• L

Facet for 6th costal cartilage

Sternum - xiphoid process:

• I

facet for 7th costal cartilage

Sternum - xiphoid process:

• does the 7th costal cartilage plug into a demi facet or facet?

demi facet

sternum:

_________ _______the inferior part of the sternum

• Composed of cartilage in the young and becomes ossified and often fuses with the body above

• H

xiphoid process

Sternum - xiphoid process:

_____ ______- superior border articulating with the body above

Superior Angle

Sternum:

_______/______- niches on the lateral margins of the sternum

that articulate with the medial ends of the costal cartilages

facet

notch

Sternum:

how many complete notches are there?

4

Sternum:

how many demi facets are there?

4

Sternum:

how many demi facets have to be there to make a full facet?

2

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 1

Clavicular facet

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 2

Facet for 1st costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 3

sternal angle

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 5

xiphoid process

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 6

facet for the 7th costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 7

Facet for 6th costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 8

Facet for 5th costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 9

Facet for 4th costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 10

Facet for 3rd costal cartilage

Sternum (lateral aspect).

• 11

Facet for 2nd costal cartilage

Ribs:

• how many pairs of ribs are there?

12

Ribs:

• what is the total number of ribs?

24

Ribs:

• what is the rib attached to on its anteior end?

costal cartilage

Ribs:

• what type of bones are ribs?

flat bone

Ribs:

• ribs form the anterior, lateral, and posterior walls of the ______

thorax

ribs:

Each rib has a dorsal/______ end and a ventral/_____ end

vertebral

sternal

Ribs:

• is the dorsal end of the rib on the vertebral or sternal end?

vertebral end

ribs:

• is the ventral end of the rib on the vertebral or sternal end?

sternal

Ribs:

• The ______ extremity has a head, neck, and tubercle

dorsal

Ribs - Dorsal Extremity:

• ________ – the slightly expanded posterior end.

• It has 1 or 2 small articular surfaces according to whether it articulates with 1 or 2 vertebral bodies

Head

Ribs - Dorsal Extremity:

• _________- the slightly constricted part connecting the head to

  the body

Neck

Ribs - Dorsal Extremity:

• ______________- a small prominence on the dorsal surface It

  has a small articular surface that forms a joint with a similar

  surface on the transverse process of a vertebra

tubercle

Ribs:

• _______/______: the long, flat, curved part that extends from the neck around the chest wall

body/shaft

Ribs - Body/Shaft:

• _______________is a prominence in front of theneck where the rib becomes bent anteriorly

angle

Ribs:

• The _____ or ______ end is the anterior end that articulates with its costal cartilage

ventral

sternal

Ribs:

• ribs ___ through ___ progressively become longer

1-7

Ribs:

• Ribs ___ through ____ progressively become shorter

8-10

Ribs:

• what ribs end in the lateral or posterior abdominal wall?

11 and 12

Ribs:

• what rib has 2 grooves running transversely on its upper anterior surface for the subclavian artery and vein

1st

Ribs:

• what vessels run transversely through the 1st rib?

subclavian artery and vein

Ribs:

• what ribs have a single articular facet on the head?

1st

10th

11th

12th

Ribs:

• what ribs have no tubercles?

11th

12th

Ribs:

• what ribs have two articular facets?

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• B

Facet of the head

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• C

Neck

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• D

Articular part of tubercle

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• E

nonarticular part of tubercle

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).
- F

Angle

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• H

shaft

A ‘typical’ left rib (inferior aspect).

• I

anterior end

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• A

Neck

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• B

Head

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• C

Inner Border

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• F

tubercle

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• D

Anterior end

Left 1st rib (superior aspect).

• E

Outer border

The Costal Cartilages:

• How many pairs of costal cartilages are there?

12 pairs

The Costal Cartilages:

• Does the costal cartilage attach to the sternal or vertebral end of the rib?

sternal end

The Costal Cartilages:

• they are ____ plates of cartilage, similar in shape to the adjacent rib

flat

The Costal Cartilages:

• the lateral end articulates with the anterior or posterior end of the corresponding rib?

anterior

The Costal Cartilages:

• the medial end of __-__ articulates with the costal facets on the sternum

1-7

The Costal Cartilages:

• the medial end of __-__ articulates with the lower margin of the costal cartilage immediately above it

8-10

The Costal Cartilages:

• the anterior ends of __-__ end up in the lateral abdominal wall

11-12

The Costal Cartilages:

• costal cartilages __-__ become progressively longer

1-7

The Costal Cartilages:

• ______ ______the curve formed by the anterior margins of the 7-10th costal cartilages on each side and the rounded tip of the xiphoid process

costal notch

True and False Ribs:

• All ribs articulate posteriorly with vertebrae or sternum?

vertebrae

True and False Ribs:

• _____ ____: the upper 7 pairs articulate by means of their costal cartilages with the sternum at the costal facet

True ribs

True and False Ribs:

• ______________ _____ articulate with sternum anteriorly and vertebrae posteriorly

vertebrosternal ribs

True and False Ribs:

• what are true ribs also known as?

vertebrosternal ribs

True and False Ribs:

• Are ribs 1-7 or 8-12 false ribs?

8-12

True and False Ribs:

• do not articulate directly with the sternum

• the upper 3 false ribs ( 8,9,10) have costal cartilages that are joined to the costal cartilage immediately above ( 8 to 7) ( 9 to 8) ( 10 to 9)

• have an indirect connection with the sternum by the 7th costal cartilage

False ribs

True and False Ribs:

• ________________ ________

• 8-10

• vertebrae and cartilage

vertebrochondral ribs

True and False Ribs:

• _________________________

• 11 & 12

• no connection to sternum

• vertebrae only

vertebral ribs

true and false ribs:

• what are vertebral ribs also known as?

floating ribs

Joints of Thorax:

• located between the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the sternum

• synovial, gliding joints

sternoclavicular joint

Joints of Thorax:

• what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

synovial gliding joint

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many vertebrae bones are there total?

33

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many thoracic vertebral bones are there total?

• B

12

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many cervical vertebrae bones are there total?

• A

7

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many lumbar vertebrae bones are there total?

• C

5

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many bones are fused to form the sacrum?

• D

5

Bones of the Vertebral Column:

• How many segments are there in the coccyx?

• D

4

Curvatures of the vertebral column:

• The cervical curvature- ____________

• Convex anteriorly

• A

lordotic