Acids & Bases

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Last updated 11:48 PM on 10/17/26
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9 Terms

1
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What does the ARRHENIUS thoery state?

  • An ACID is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

  • A BASE is a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>An ACID is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>A BASE is a substance that produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Who proposed the Arrhenius theoy and when? Who was he?

  • Svante Arrhenius

  • 1884

  • He was a Swedish Chemist


<ul><li><p>Svante Arrhenius</p></li><li><p>1884</p></li><li><p>He was a Swedish Chemist</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What does the Bronsted - Lowry Theory State?

  • An ACID is a proton DONOR

  • A BASE is a proton ACCEPTOR


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>An ACID is a proton DONOR</strong></span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>A BASE is a proton ACCEPTOR</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Who proposed the Brønsted - Lowry Theory and when? Who were they?

  • Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted & Thomas Martin Lowry

  • 1923

  • They were both PHYSICAL CHEMISTS; Brønsted was Danish and Lowry was English.


<ul><li><p>Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted &amp; Thomas Martin Lowry</p></li><li><p>1923</p></li><li><p>They were both PHYSICAL CHEMISTS; Brønsted was Danish and Lowry was English.</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What are acidic solutions?

  • When an acid is dissolved in water, the water molecule acts as a BASE and ACCEPTS  a hydrogen ion

  • A HYDRONIUM ION is formed


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>When an acid is dissolved in water, the water molecule acts as a BASE and ACCEPTS&nbsp; a hydrogen ion</strong></span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>A HYDRONIUM ION is formed</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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What are Basic Solutions?

  • When a base is dissolved in water, the water molecules acts as an ACID and DONATES a hydrogen ion

  • A HYDROXIDE ION is formed


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>When a base is dissolved in water, the water molecules acts as an ACID and DONATES a hydrogen ion</strong></span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>A HYDROXIDE ION is formed</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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What are Conjugate Acid - Base Pairs?

  • CONJUGATE ACID: the substance that forms when a base ACCEPTS a hydrogen ion

  • CONJUGATE BASE: the substance that forms when an acid DONATES a hydrogen ion


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>CONJUGATE ACID: the substance that forms when a base ACCEPTS a hydrogen ion</strong></span></p></li></ul><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>CONJUGATE BASE: the substance that forms when an acid DONATES a hydrogen ion</strong></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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What are AMPHIPROTIC SUBSTANCES?

Can donate or accept a hydrogen ion and thus act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and Brønsted-Lowry base



EXAMPLE: water is amphiprotic 



<p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>Can donate or accept a hydrogen ion and thus act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and Brønsted-Lowry base</strong></span></p><p><br></p><p><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: &quot;Libre Franklin&quot;, sans-serif;"><strong>EXAMPLE: water is amphiprotic&nbsp;</strong></span></p><p><br></p>
9
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ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT, KA