Untitled Flashcard Set

Material Cause

What the thing is made of; refers to the physical body of a human.

Formal Cause

What makes a thing what it is; refers to the soul in a human.

Efficient Cause

What brought the thing into being; for humans, this is God through parents.

Final Cause / Telos

The ultimate end or reason for the thing; for humans, it is to know and love the good, achieving happiness.

Dualism

The belief that humans are souls trapped in bodies; values the spiritual over the physical.

Materialism

The view that humans are simply composed of atoms, with no spiritual component.

Hylomorphism

The philosophical theory that humans are a composite of body and soul.

Rational Soul

The type of soul in humans that possesses intellect and will.

Vegetative Soul

The type of soul responsible for self-nutrition, growth, and reproduction.

Sensory/Sentient Soul

The type of soul that enables sense knowledge and locomotion, along with vegetative functions.

Intellect

The power to know truth, including abstract concepts.

Will

The power to desire and choose the good.

External Senses

The five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) used to gather information from the environment.

Internal Senses

Capabilities within humans such as estimative, memory, imaginative, and combining multiple senses.

Concupiscible Passions

Emotions that respond to simple sensible goods or evils.

Irascible Passions

Emotions that respond to difficult sensible goods or evils.

Perceived Good

Something that seems good to me but may not actually lead to my happiness.

Objective Good

Something that is truly good for me, helping me flourish and move towards my telos.

Rightly Ordered Love

Loving things according to their true worth, prioritizing love for God.

Hedonism

The ethical model that prioritizes pleasure and avoids pain.

Deontology

The ethical model that follows rules and duties.

Utilitarianism

The ethical model that seeks the most useful outcome, where the ends justify the means.

Virtue Ethics

The ethical model that aims to develop virtue, aligning with natural law.

Level 1 Happiness

Maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain; involves immediate gratification (e.g., TikTok, ice cream).

Level 2 Happiness

Based on achievement and being better than others; often leads to jealousy and fear of failure.

Level 3 Happiness

Contributes to a good beyond self, focusing on goodness as an end in itself and promoting long-term fulfillment.

Level 4 Happiness

Participates in giving and receiving ultimate meaning through rightly ordered love with God; leads to eternal joy.

Univocal Terms

Terms that have only one meaning, used consistently in the same way.

Equivocal Terms

Terms that have entirely different and unrelated meanings.

Analogous Terms

Terms with different but related meanings when applied to different things.

Material Supposition

Refers to verbal existence without defining the term.

Logical Supposition

Refers to logical existence, categorizing the term in a structured way.

Real Supposition

Refers to real existence, stating true attributes about the term.

Logical Form

Rearranging a sentence to reflect logical structure; e.g., 'Humans are things that walk on two legs.'