311 Exam 1 Anchor Drugs

Analgesics - relieve pain / improve comfort

hydromorphone;

fetanyl;

ibuprofen;

acetaminophen

Anticoagulants - prevent clots / clot-related complications

warfarin;

enoxaparin;

heparin

Antiplatelets - reduce platelet aggregation

aspirin;

clopidogrel

Antiemertics - relieve nausea / vomiting

ondansetron;

promethazine

antibiotics - eliminate / inhibit harmful bacteria

amoxicillin;

cephalexin

ACE inhibitors - lower / control blood pressure

lisinopril

ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) - relax vessels; lower blood pressure; reduce cardiac strain

losartan

Diuretics - increase urine output; reduce fluid overload / BP

furosemide

Beta blockers - slow heart rate; lower blood pressure / cardiac workload

metoprolol

Calcium channel blockers - relax vessels / improve blood flow

diltiazem

Cardiac glycosides - increase contractility / help control rate

digoxin

Nitrates - vasodilation; improve coronary flow; relieve angina

nitroglycerin

Beta 2 agonists - bronchodilation

albuterol

Antilipidemics - lower cholesterol

atorvastatin

Sulfonylureas - increase insulin secretion / tissue response

glipizide

Glitazones - decrease insulin resistance

glipizide

Biguanides - decrease hepatic glucose production / intestinal absorption

metformin

Insulin - promote cellular glucose uptake / storage

regular insulin

corticosteroids - decrease inflammation / intentional immunosuppression

prednisone;

hydrocortisone

H2 blockers - decrease gastric acid

famotidine

PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) - block final step of gastric acid production

omeprazole;

pantoprazole

SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) - inhibit serotonin reuptake

omeprazole;

pantoprazole

Benzodiazepines - enhance GABA inhibition

alprazolam;

lorazepam

Anticonvulsants - reduce / prevent seizures

phenytoin;

gabapentin

Major risk of analgesics

organ damage (esp. liver), respiratory depression, GI effects, addiction

Major risk of anticoagulants and antiplatelets

bleeding, bruising

Major risk of antiemetics

drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth

Major risk of antibiotics

allergy, GI disturbance, resistance with misuse

Major risk of ACE inhibitors

dizziness, fatigue, hypotension

Major risk of ARBs

dizziness, hyperkalemia, kidney dysfunction, hypotension

Major risk of diuretics

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension

Major risk of beta blockers

bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue

Major risk of calcium channel blockers

dizziness, edema, hypotension

Major risk of cardiac glycosides

toxicity: nausea / vomiting, dysrhythmias

Major risk of nitrates

headache, hypotension, dizziness

Major risk of beta 2 agonists

tachycardia, tremor, hypokalemia; overuse concern

Major risk of antilipidemics

myalgia, liver injury, GI effects

Major risk of sulfonylueras

hypoglycemia, GI effects

Major risk of glitazones

weight gain, fluid retention, heart failure risk

Major risk of biguanides

GI effects; rare lactic acidosis

Major risk of insulin

hypoglycemia, weight gain, injection reactions

Major risk of corticosteroids

weight gain, osteoporosis, infection, hyperglycemia

Major risk of H2 blockers

headache, dizziness, interactions

Major risk of PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)

long-term infection, fracture, B12 concerns

Major risk of SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

nausea, weight changes, mood changes

Major risk of benzodiapzepines

drowsiness, dependence, impaired memory / coordination

Major risk of anticonvulsants

drowsiness, dizziness, mood changes