life cycle case study questions

true or false: weight gain is the first-line treatment for amenorrhea related to low body weight

true

true or false: weight loss in excess of 15% of normal weight is an infertility risk factor

true

the two hormones secreted by the pituitary gland during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle are:

follicle-stimuating hormone, luteinizing hormone

which of the following individuals has the lowest risk of infertility:

• a 25 year old female following a vegan diet

• a 25 year old female without any comorbidities

• a 35 year old female without any comorbidities

• a 35 year old female following a high-fiber diet

a 25 year old female without any comorbidities

what is the minimum BMI associated with reproductive function?

20kg/m2

true or false: you can determine body fat content based on BMI

false

true or false: dietary protein is the preferred fuel source for fetal development

false

true or false: the highest rate of weight gain occurs during mid-pre

malformation of the fetal, heart, lungs, and urinary tract are associated with inadequate intake of what vitamin in early pregnancy?

vitamin A

which nutrients should be monitored closely in vegans?

omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, and vitamin D

what is true regarding caffeine intake and the placenta

it may cause constriction of placental blood vessels

it is recommended that underweight women gain how many pounds during pregnancy?

28-40

what weight classification would an infant be if mom experienced food shortage and lost weight near the end of her pregnancy?

disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA)

normal-weight women who exercise regularly during pregnancy have

• increased risk of low birthweight infants

• increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension

• increased risk of low back pain

• decreased risk of developing gestational diabetes

decreased risk of developing gestational diabetes

artificial sugar intake during pregnancy is associated with what feature?

obese offpring by age 7

true or false: research indicates that all women with GDM in a previous pregnancy will develop it in a subsequent pregnancy

false

obesity is associated with an increased risk of:

gestational diabetes and preterm delivery

which symptom is unlikely to be associated with preeclampsia?

• persistent headaches

• high urine output

• blurred vision

• abdominal pain

high urine output

maintenance of normal blood glucose levels during pregnancy requires sufficient insulin production by which cells of the pancreas?

beta

which weight classification of infant is associated with poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy?

large for gestational age

what are 3 components of dietary advice for women with GDM?

28g fiber/d, minimize processed foods, unsaturated fats as fat source

true or false: breastfeeding women who follow a vegetarian diet get plenty of protein if their energy intakes are adequate

true

human milk fat comes from:

triglycerides from the mother’s blood and new fatty acids produced by the breast

colostrum is higher in ____ and lower in _____ than mature milk.

protein, carbs and fat

true or false: breast/nipple pain is experienced by 90% of lactating women during breastfeeding

true

a new mother was away from her infant longer than planned (6 hours). which problem is she most likely to experience?

engorgement

what are 3 risk factors for early termination of breastfeeding?

stress about work, lack of family support, some medications

how often does a newborn’s stomach empty?

every 1.5 hours

how often should a newborn excrete per day

6 wet diapers, 3-4 solid diapers

true or false: some weight loss is expected in newborns in the first few days of life

true

which 2 vitamins must be supplemented in breastfeeding infants?

vitamins K and D