Lab 1-2 Tissues Supplement Vocabulary

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cell tissue types, structures, functions, and locations based on the Lab 1-2 Tissues supplement notes.

Tissue

A collection of cells, not necessarily identical, derived from a common embryonic origin that work together to accomplish a specialized function.

Organ

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that protects underlying tissues, is avascular (no blood vessels), covers body surfaces, lines cavities and ducts, forms glands, and is composed of closely packed cells with little or no intercellular material between adjacent cells.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that protects and supports the body and organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves, contains a large amount of intercellular substances, and usually has a rich blood supply (except cartilage).

Muscular Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement through the active generation of force.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that initiates, transmits, and interprets nerve impulses that coordinate body activities.

Simple Epithelium

A single layer of cells that will tolerate little wear and tear, functioning in absorption and filtration.

Stratified Epithelium

Epithelium consisting of several layers of cells that will tolerate more wear and tear.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

A single layer of cells that appears to be more than one layer because not all cells reach the surface, resulting in a layered appearance.

Squamous

Flat, scale-like epithelial cell shape.

Cuboidal

Cube or hexagon epithelial cell shape.

Columnar

Tall, rectangular, cylindrical epithelial cell shape.

Transitional Epithelium

Epithelium featuring a combination of cell shapes with no uniformity in shape or size, consisting of several layers thick, allowing for distention and expansion.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Epithelium composed of thin, flat, scale-like cells with centrally located nuclei; functions in secretion/absorption, diffusion, osmosis, and filtration; located in lung alveoli and glomerular capsule of kidney.

Endothelium

Epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels.

Mesothelium

Epithelium that lines the ventral body cavity and covers viscera.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Epithelium made of cube-shaped cells with a central nucleus; functions in secretion and absorption; covers ovaries, forms part of thyroid and salivary glands, and lines kidney tubules.

Simple Columnar Epithelium (Nonciliated)

Epithelium with rectangular cells having nuclei at the base and optional goblet cells; functions in secretion and absorption; lines the gallbladder and digestive tract from stomach to anus.

Simple Cuboidal Ciliated Epithelium

Epithelium of rectangular cells with nuclei at base, optional goblet cells, and hair-like processes; functions in movement of mucus; lines upper respiratory tract, uterus, fallopian tubes, and central canal of spinal cord.

Pseudostratified Epithelium (Ciliated and Nonciliated)

Epithelium of columnar cells with nuclei at variable depth; nonciliated lines male urethra and epididymis; ciliated (with goblet cells) lines most of the upper respiratory tract.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Epithelium several layers thick (superficial cells flat/thick, deep cells cuboidal to columnar) providing protection; nonkeratinized lines wet surfaces (tongue, mouth, esophagus, vagina), keratinized forms outer layer of skin.

Keratinized Epithelium

Tissue layer that is waterproof and has a dead top layer.

Nonkeratinized Epithelium

Tissue layer that is not waterproof and features nuclei all the way to the top.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Epithelium consisting of layers of cuboidal cells functioning in protection; located in ducts of sweat glands, pharynx, and epiglottis.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Epithelium consisting of layers of columnar cells functioning in protection and secretion; lines the urinary bladder, parts of ureter, and urethra.

Loose / Areolar Connective Tissue Proper

Unorganized connective tissue containing many cell types and fibers (collagenous, elastic, reticular); functions in protection, strength, support, and elasticity; located in subcutaneous layer of skin, around blood vessels, nerves, and organs.

Adipose Connective Tissue Proper

Connective tissue where cytoplasm and nucleus are pushed into a thin ring around the periphery (signet ring); functions in fat storage, insulation, energy reserve, support, and protection; located in subcutaneous layer of skin, around kidney and heart, in marrow of long bones, and behind eyeball.

Dense Regular Connective Tissue Proper

Connective tissue with collagenous fibers tightly packed in parallel bundles; functions in strength; forms tendons and ligaments.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper

Connective tissue with collagen fibers oriented randomly; functions in strength; located in dermis of skin and deep fascia around muscles.

Elastic Connective Tissue Proper

Connective tissue consisting of elastic fibers with fibroblasts between fibers; functions in elasticity and strength; located in vocal cords, walls of arteries, lungs, and bronchial tubes.

Reticular Connective Tissue Proper

Connective tissue with reticular fibers that interlace and branch extensively (spider web appearance); functions in strength/support, binding smooth muscle fibers, and forming stroma of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

Avascular cartilage containing numerous chondrocytes in intercellular substance with no visible fibers; functions in strength, support, flexibility, and movement at joints; located at joints at ends of long bones, ventral ends of ribs, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, and most embryonic skeleton.

Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue

Cartilage with chondrocytes in a threadlike network of elastic fibers; functions in strength and maintaining shape; located in epiglottis of larynx, external part of ear, and Eustachian tubes.

Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue

Cartilage containing chondrocytes among bundles of collagenous fibers; functions in strength and compressibility; located in symphysis pubis joint, intervertebral discs, and knee cartilage.

Compact Bone

Bone tissue with a regular osteon structure; functions in strength, support, protection, and locomotion; located on surface of bones and diaphysis of long bones.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue composed of a network of trabeculae with spaces occupied by marrow; functions in strength, lipid storage, and hematopoiesis; located in epiphysis of long bones and interior of flat bones.