REDOX and properties of water

Cations

Positive ions with fewer electrons than protons

Anions

Negative ions with more electrons than protons

Oxidation

ionic chemical reaction where element loses an electron and energy. Low energy form

Reduction

Ionic chemical reaction where element gains electrons and energy. High energy form.

Electronegativity

An atom’s affinity for electrons (hydrogen and elements in the larger columns have high ______)

Hydrogen bond

Bonds with partial charges; cumulative effects create water’s physical properties

cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, loses density in solid form, dissolves polar molecules, repels nonpolar molecules, can form ions

properties of water

Cohesion

water molecules stick together through hydrogen bonds (surface tension)

Adhesion

water molecules stick to other polar molecules through hydrogen bonds

High specific heat

maintains heat well; requires lots of energy to increase temperature

High heat of vaporization

high energy required to create a phase change

Dissolves polar molecules

Hydrophilic, polar molecules dissolve into water; like dissolves like

Repels nonpolar molecules

hydrophobic, non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water

Ion forming

water can break into 2 ions, OH- (hydroxide ion) and H+ (hydrogen ion)

Amphipathic

contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sides (phospholipids)