Class 2 - Plasma Membrane/Cell Transport

cilia

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and collect mucous

head

part of phospholipid that is polar and hydrophilic

tail

part of phospholipid that is non-polar and hydrophobic

glycolipid, glycoprotein, glycocalyx

3 carbohydrates in plasma membrane

transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

functions of membrane proteins

integral membrane proteins

membrane proteins that must be both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (a,b,c)

passive transport

transport that requires no resistance and less energy

active transport

transport that requires resistance and more energy (in the form of ATP)

primary, secondary, vesicular (exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis)

types of active transport

diffusion, filtration

types of passive transport

diffusion

movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration

microvilli

increases surface area of the plasma membrane

simple diffusion, carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion, channel-mediated facilitated diffusion, osmosis

types of diffusion

osmosis

diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

diffusion of free water, semi-permeable membrane, water in high concentration to water in low concentration

3 criteria for osmosis to occur

osmolarity

total concentration of solute particles in a solution

tonicity

how a solution affects cell volume

isotonic solution

solution with the same solute/water concentration as inside the cell

hypertonic solution

solution with higher concentration than inside the cell

hypertonic solution

solution where water will move from inside the cell to outside the cell; crenation will occur

hypotonic solution

solution with a lower concentration than inside the cell

hypotonic solution

solution where water will move from outside the cell to inside the cell; lycis will occur

crenation

cell shrinkage

lycis

cell inflation

hypotonic solution

If someone is dehydrated, what type of solution should they be given?

lysis

If red blood cells are placed in water, what would happen to the red blood cells?

K+

ion that will go outside the cell

Na+

ion that will go inside the cell

K+

Is there more K+ or more Na+ inside the cell?

primary active transport

type of transport where Na+ and K+ are transported across the plasma membrane

2

for every 3 Na+ that are pumped out of the cell, ___ K+ are pumped in

secondary active transport

type of transport used to transport glucose into the cell

symport

same direction

antiport

opposite direction

vesicular transport

type of transport used to transport larger substances

exocytosis

type of vesicular transport that moves substances out of a cell (requires ATP)

endocytosis

type of vesicular transport that moves large particles and macromolecules inside the cell (requires ATP)

phagocytosis

type of endocytosis where cell engulfs large particles (cell eating)

pinocytosis

type of endocytosis where cell "gulps" drops of extracellular fluid (cell drinking)

negative membrane potential

when the movement of K+ outside the cell equals the K+ movement into the cell

membrane proteins

responsible for maintaining the electrical charge of the cell

cell adhesion molecules (CAMS)

molecules that anchor cells, assist in movement, and rally white blood cells to injured/infected areas

lipid rafts

cell-signaling molecules, composed of sphingolipids and cholesterol

tight junction

type of membrane junction that is impermeable (skin, brain)

desmosomes

type of membrane junction that is similar to a zipper, fluid, flexible, and form a tension-reducing network of fibers (skin, heart)

gap junctions

membrane junctions that allow intercellular communication; allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next (heart/cardiac muscle cells)