PhysioEx EX. 7 Act. 2: Compartive Spirometry

spirometer

a device that measures the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs over a specific period of time

• asses pulmonary function

emphysema

significant loss of elastic recoli in lung tissue due to the disease destroying walls of alveoli

• airway resistance increases (less anchoring on surrounding airways)

• lung expands easily, and cannot deflate easily (requires effort)

• expiration happens slowly

during an acute asthma attack, what happens?

bronchiole smooth muscle spasms and thus, the airways become constricted (reduced diameter)

• also become clogged with thick mucus secretions

• is an airway inflammatory response brought on up allergens, temp changes, and even exercise

• like emphysema, airways collapse and pinch closed before a forced expiration is completed

• volumes and peak flow rates significantly reduced

• unlike emphysema, elastic recoli is not diminished.

inhaler

medication includes a smooth muscle relaxant (ex. B2 agonist or Ach antagonist), that relieves the bronchospasms and induces bronchiole dilation

• can also contain an anti-inflammatory agent, such as a corticosteriod that suppresses the inflammatory response

• reduces airway resistance

breathing during moderate aerobic exercise

• rate of breathing and tidal volume increase (not by the same amount)

• increase in tidal volume is greater than the increase in rate of breathing

breathing during heavy exercise

extreme metabolic demands

• both rate of breathing and tidal wave volume increase to their maximum tolerable limits

a normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around

500ml

which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema

1. inspiration

2. gas transport in the blood

3. expiration

4. expansion of the lungs

3. expiration

during an asthma attack

1. bronchiole smooth muscle relaxes

2. inspiration and expiration are impaired

3. airway resistance decreases

4. elastic recoli of the lung tissue is impaired

2. inspiration and expiration are impaired

during moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most?

1. tidal volume

2. breathing rate

3. total lung capacity

4. inspiratory reserve

1. tidal volume

inhaler medications for an asthma pateint are designed to

1. rapidly introduce the active ingredients into the bloodstream

2. dilate the patient’s bronchioles

3. induce smooth muscle contractions

4. stimulate an inflammatory response

2. dilate the patient’s bronchioles

when obstructuve lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV?

1. increases

2. decreases

3. same

2. decreases

what happens to the FVC, FEV in a patient with emphysema

decreases

what happens to FVC and FEV in a patient w an acute asthma attack

decreased

what value in the spirogram never changed from that of the normal pateint

TLC

which of the following respiratory values represents decreased flow rate during the obstructive lung disease

FEV

calculate the ERV of an individual with the following respiratory volumes

• TLC: 6000 ML

• FVC: 4800 ML

• RV: 1200 ML

• IRV: 2900 ML

• TV: 500 ML

1400ml

calculate the FVC of an individual with the following respiratory volumes

• RV: 1000ML

• IRV: 3000ML

• TV: 500ML

• ERV: 1500ML

5000ml

whats the largest volume for the normal patient

1. IRV

2. ERV

3. RV

4. TV

IRV

normal spirogram

emphysema spirogram

acute asthma attack

asthma attack plus inhaler

moderate exercise

heavy exercise

which lung will change more during moderate exercise? ERV or IRV

IRV

what happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient

it increased for both patients