Chapter 14 — LO 5 — Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription

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8 Terms

1
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Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes: cytoplasm; eukaryotic nuclear genes: nucleus.

2
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How does transcription initiation differ between bacteria and eukaryotes?

Bacteria generally use sigma factor; eukaryotic protein-coding genes use multiple general transcription factors.

3
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How many principal RNA polymerases do bacteria and eukaryotes have?

Bacteria use one principal type; eukaryotes have RNA polymerases I, II, and III among others.

4
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What does RNA polymerase I produce?

Most major rRNAs, excluding 5S rRNA.

5
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What does RNA polymerase II produce?

Pre-mRNAs from nuclear protein-coding genes.

6
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What does RNA polymerase III produce?

tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and some other small RNAs.

7
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How do bacterial operons differ from typical eukaryotic transcription units?

Bacterial operons can transcribe several related genes together; eukaryotic protein-coding genes are generally transcribed separately.

8
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Why can transcription and translation occur simultaneously in bacteria?

Bacteria lack a nucleus, so ribosomes can translate mRNA while it is being transcribed.