Appendicular Skeleton - Pelvic Bone

Pelvic Girdle

joining of two hip bones, sacrum, and first few caudal vertebrae, encloses the pelvic cavity

Ossa Coxarum

large flat bones making the pelvis

Pelvic Symphasis

cartilaginous joint between the os coxae

Os Coxae

one half of the pelvis

Ilium

largest and most cranial region of the os coxae, contains a wing, body, and articulates with the sacrum

Wing of the Ilium

lateral masses of the ilium, articulates with the sacrum

Iliac Crest

cranial edge of the ilium palpable in canines and felines

Tuber Coxae

palpable prominence on the lateral wing of the ilium, visible landmark in equines and bovines

Tuber Sacrale

medial process of the iliac wing next to the sacrum

Ischium

caudal region of the pelvis

Ischiatic Tuberosity

caudal ischium attaching to the caudal thigh muscles, visible landmark in large animals

Pubis

craniolateral portion of the pelvis, includes a central body with two ramus

Acetabulum

concavity articulating with the femoral head, has a lip, notch, and fossa

Obturator Foramen

large opening in the floor of the os coxae

Femur

long bone articulating proximally with the pelvis and distally with the tibia

Head of the Femur

smooth process articulating with the hip bone at the acetabulum

Neck of the Femur

joins the bead of the femur to the body

Greater Trochanter

large prominence on the femur lateral to the head

Lesser Trochanter

prominence on the femur distal to the head

Femoral Condyles

two large prominences articulating with the tibia and menisci

Trochlea

groove of the femur articulating with the patella, bounded by two ridges

Trochlear Ridges

prominence on medial ridge of patellar surface in horses

Extensor Fossa

depression on the lateral edge of the distal femur for attachment of long digital extensor muscle

Patella

largest sesamoid bone, articulates with patella surface of the femur

Fabellae

two small sesamoid bones embedded in heads of the gastrocnemius of carnivores

Tibia

medial long bone articulating proximally with the femur and distally with the tarsus

Tibial Condyles

two processes articulating with the femoral condyles and menisci

Intercondylar Eminences

ridge between the lateral and medial condyle

Tibial Tuberosity

large proximal cranial process of the tibia, attaches to muscle and patellar ligaments

Tibial Crest

the vertical cranial protrusion expanding distally from the proximal end of the tibia

Medial Malleolus

protrusion at the distal end of the tibia

Fibula

long, thin bone bearing little weight, articulates with the tibia proximally and distally

Head of the Fibula

the proximal portion of the fibula

Lateral Malleolus

the distal end of the fibula

Tarsus

contains the tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges in the hind limb

Proximal Row of Tarsus

contains the calcaneus (heel) and talus

Calcaneus

the second bone in the proximal row, lateral to the talus (heel bone)

Calcaneus Tuberosity

large process of the fibular tarsal bone serving as the lever arm for tendon

Talus

largest tarsus bone on the dorsomedial side, articulates with the tibia via the trochlea

Trochlea of Talus

part of the talus articulating with the tibia

Middle Row of Tarsus

contains the middle tarsal bone

Central Tarsal Bone

makes up the middle tarsal row, resides between then proximal and numbered tarsal bones

Distal Row of Tarsus

from medial to lateral: numbered I-IV (may differ by species due to fusion or absences), last row of tarsal bones that articulate with the metatarsal bones

Sacroiliac Joint

largely immoveable articulation between the sacrum and ilium (cartilaginous and synovial)

Coxofemoral Joint (hip)

ball and socket synovial joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone

Stifle Joint

compound joint between the femur and patella, and the femur and tibia, a condylar joint

Femoropatellar Joint

joint between the patella and trochlea of the femur

Femorotibial Joint

joint between the femoral condyles and tibia

Tibiofibular Joint

joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula

Tarsocrural Joint

joint between the proximal tarsal bones and the tibia and fibula, trochlear ridges of the talus fit into the cochlea of the tibia

Proximal Intertarsal Joint

joint between the proximal row, central tarsal bone, and the T IV

Distal Intertarsal Joint

joint between the central tarsal bone and tarsal bones I and II

Tarsometatarsal Joint

joint between the distal row of the tarsus and the metatarsals I to V (depending on species)