herpetology chapter 3 pt 3 (exam 1)
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Last updated 4:15 PM on 2/11/24
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21 Terms
1
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caecilians are primarily found in what type of habitat
tropical habitats
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mainly south america
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mainly south america
2
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defining features of rhinatrematidae (3)
tailed caecilians (gymniophiona)
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1. posesses a true tail
2. mouth is at/near tip of snout
3. primary, secondary, tertiary annuli
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1. posesses a true tail
2. mouth is at/near tip of snout
3. primary, secondary, tertiary annuli
3
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defining features of icthyophiidae (3)
asian tailed caecilians (gymniophiona)
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1. posesses a true tail
2. mouth is at/near tip of snout
3. primary, secondary, tertiary annuli
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1. posesses a true tail
2. mouth is at/near tip of snout
3. primary, secondary, tertiary annuli
4
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defining features of scolecomorphidae (2)
buried eyed caecilians (gymniophiona)
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1. zygokropaphic skulls, lack orbits
2. vestigial eyes attached to end of extended tentacles
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1. zygokropaphic skulls, lack orbits
2. vestigial eyes attached to end of extended tentacles
5
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defining features of typhlonectidae (4)
aquatic caecilians (gymniophiona)
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1. highly aquatic
2. have compressed bodies and well developed dorsal fins on posterior body
3. have an accessory gas exchange organ called tracheal lung
4. zygokrotaphic skulls
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1. highly aquatic
2. have compressed bodies and well developed dorsal fins on posterior body
3. have an accessory gas exchange organ called tracheal lung
4. zygokrotaphic skulls
6
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zygokrotaphic skull
skull with temporal region openings
7
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morphology of gymniophiona (4)
1. tail small or absent
2. annuli present
3. skull heavily built, powerful jaws
4. wormlike body, limbless (no pectoral or pelvic girdles)
8
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annuli of gymniophiona
most taxa have primary only
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primary: 1 ring per vertebrae
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primary: 1 ring per vertebrae
9
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dermal scales of gymniophiona
in some species
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pouches in dermis below annular groove
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unique to these amphibians
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pouches in dermis below annular groove
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unique to these amphibians
10
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vertebral column of gymniophiona (3)
1. atlas and 95-285 trunk vertebrae
2. no sacrum
3. all vertebrae (except atlas and last 3-6) have ribs
11
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3 types of locomotion of gymniophiona
1. internal concertina
2. whole body concertina
3. lateral undulation
12
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internal concertina
move vertebral column inside skin
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whole body concertina
use muscles to press body against a tunnel
14
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lateral undulation
move body side to side
15
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tentacles of gymniophiona
paired tentacles with visibly present eyes
16
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skull morphology (2)
1. stegokrotaphic skull
2. zygokrotaphic skull
17
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stegokrotaphic skill
no major openings
18
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venom glands of gymniophiona
are above teeth
19
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teeth of gymniophiona
most have sharp teeth
20
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fertilization of gymniophiona (1)
all have internal with the phallodeum (extension of male cloaca)
21
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development of gymniophiona
most direct/oviparity with some indirect/viviparity