Carboxylic Acids
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23 Terms
What are carboxylic acids?
Organic compounds containing the –COOH functional group.
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?
–COOH (carboxyl group).
What is the general formula of saturated monocarboxylic acids?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH, where n may be zero.
What is the formula of methanoic acid?
HCOOH.
What is the formula of ethanoic acid?
CH₃COOH.
What is the formula of propanoic acid?
C₂H₅COOH.
What is the formula of butanoic acid?
C₃H₇COOH.
What is the common name of ethanoic acid?
Acetic acid.
What is vinegar?
A dilute aqueous solution of ethanoic acid.
Why are carboxylic acids described as weak acids?
They partially ionise in aqueous solution.
What ion is released when carboxylic acids ionise in water?
H⁺ ions.
What is the difference between a weak acid and a dilute acid?
A weak acid partially ionises, while a dilute acid has a low concentration of dissolved acid.
How do carboxylic acids react with metals?
They produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
What is the general word equation for a carboxylic acid reacting with a metal?
Carboxylic acid + metal → salt + hydrogen.
How do carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates?
They produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide.
What is the general word equation for a carboxylic acid reacting with a carbonate?
Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide.
How do carboxylic acids react with alkalis?
They undergo neutralisation to produce a salt and water.
What is the general word equation for a carboxylic acid reacting with an alkali?
Carboxylic acid + alkali → salt + water.
What type of salt is formed from ethanoic acid?
An ethanoate.
What is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
Sodium ethanoate and water.
What is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?
Sodium ethanoate, water and carbon dioxide.
How does the pH of a carboxylic acid solution compare with neutral water?
It is below 7.
Why do carboxylic acids conduct electricity in aqueous solution?
They produce mobile ions.