Spiers Midterm

Who led the first successful circumnavigation of the globe

Ferdinand Magellan

Which person explored the present day Southwestern United States for Spain

Francisco Coronado

What was the first European nation to establish a settlement where present day New York City is located?

Netherlands

Which European nation allowed their colonies to have representative government?

England

What is a joint-stock company?

Means of sharing the risk of company ownership

Encomienda System

Forced labor and conversion to Christianity of Native Americans

Jacques Cartier

Claimed Eastern Canada for France

Atahualpa

ruler of Inca Empire

Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro

Spanish conquistadors

Montezuma

Ruler of Aztec Empire

Carthographer

Mapmaker

Dutch

Dominant power in Spice Islands (part of present day Indonesia)

Bartholomew Dias

Discovered Cape of Good Hope

Vasco da Gama

Sailed from Portugal to India

Middle Passage

High rate of death due to horrendous conditions and treatment of African slaves

What title was given to the leader of the Ottoman Empire?

Sultan

Who were the elite corps of officers in the Ottoman Empire that came from the Balkans and were converted to Islam from Christianity?

Janissaries

What is the main difference between Sunni and Shiite Islam?

Shiite: leaders descended from line of Ali, Sunni: leaders elected

Which Asian empire practiced Shiite Islam?

Persia

Which Mogul ruler promoted religious tolerance between Muslims and Hindus?

Akbar the Great

Zheng He was a famous sea trader for which ocuntry?

China

Which shogunate family ruled Japan for 265 years?

Tokugawa

Who were Japan's secret police during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

Metsuke

Which country in Southeast Asia avoided European colonization?

Thailand

What is the belief that both living and nonliving things have spirits or souls?

Animism

Shari'ah

Islamic Law

Grand Vizier

Prime Minister and head of Ottoman bureaucracy

Babur

Established Mongul dynasty

Ulema

Religious advisers

Millets

Communities where people could practice their own religious faith

Shogun

Military ruler of Japan

Shah Abbas

Allies with the English

Edo

Present day Tokyo

Nader Shah

Expands Persian Empire in 1700s

Aurangzeb

Persecuted Hindus and Sikhs, weakens Mogul Empire

List in order the three present day countries that the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Persia, and the Mongul Empire were established in.

1. Turkey
2. Iran
3. India

List the four Japanese social classes from top to bottom that existed during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

1. Samuri
2. Farmers
3. Artisans
4. Merchants

List one present day country that France, Netherlands, Britain, and Spain colonized in Southeast Asia. You should have four answers.

France: Vietnam
Netherlands: Indoneisa
Britain: Mynammar
Spain: Philopense

What is the form of government where monarchs have unlimited power and are free from constitutional restraint?

Absolutism

What is the political idea that monarchs receive their power from God, are only responsible to God, and their power cannot be questioned by man?

Divine right

Why were the English monarchs not as powerful as in France or Spain?

Both A and B ( English courts and English Parliament)

Who was the first Tudor monarch?

Henry VII

What is the system in which each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal to or in balance with other nations?

Balance of power

Which edict gave French Huguenots the right to worship in Protestant majority areas and the same civil rights as Catholics?

Edict of Nantes

Which one of the following was NOT a result of the War of Spanish Succession?

France and Spain were united under one king

This royal decree was an agreement for European rulers not to break up Hapsburg lands if a woman inherited the throne?

Pragmatic Sanction

Which ruler strengthened Austria by removing internal trade barriers, reorganized the bureaucracy, improving tax collection, and building more roads?

Maria Theresa

Which one of the following was a result of the War of Austrian Succession?

None of the above

Which one of the following was NOT a result of the Seven Years War?

Prussia gained islands in the West Indies

What is the Seven Years War called in North America? It was part of the larger conflict.

French and Indian War

Which Russian czar gained control over the Boyars, created the oprichniki, increased trade with Western Europe, and expanded Russian territory?

Ivan the Terrible

Which Russian ruler expanded territory, won a warm water port on the Black Sea, and worsened peasant conditions?

Catherine the Great

The French Catholics helped the Protestant side against the Hapsburg Catholics during the Thirty Year War.

True

Marranos

Jews who converted to Christianity

Moriscos

Muslims who converted to Christianity

Gentry

English lesser nobles

Yeomen

English farmers with small landholdings, lowest social rank

Intendants

A Non-noble agents of the French Crown with local government authority

Frederick William "Great Elector"

Increased Prussia's strength by setting up full time army

Peace of Westphalia

Ended Thirty Years War and recognized Calvinism

Junkers

Prussian nobles

Boyars

Russian nobles

Serfs

Russian peasants

Name one example of balance of power.

U.S. and Japan combined power against China.

List one cause and one effect of the Thirty Years War.

Cause: Tension between Catholics and Puritans
Effect: Weakening of the Holy Roman Empire

List three reasons why the Spanish Empire declined.

1. Defeat of Spanish Armada
2. Overtaxed Middle class
3. Kicking out of the Jews and Muslims

List three changes that Peter the Great made to Russia during his reign.

1. Westernized Russia
2. Forced men to shave there beards
3. Forced women to go to parties

Galileo disproved which theory about the universe?

Geocentric

The agreement by which people created a government was called:

Social Contract

Who thought that people were naturally selfish and should agree to a social contract to live under authoritarian rule?

Hobbes

Who thought that people had natural rights and that the power of government should be limited?

Locke

Which philosopher believed in religious liberty, free speech, and freedom of the press?

Voltaire

Pacifism

Opposition to violence

Copernicus

Heliocentric theory

Bacon

Scientific method

Newton

Gravity and calculus

Harvey

Circulatory system

Hooke

Cells

Priestley

Oxygen

Montesquieu

Separation of Powers

Rousseau

Will of the majority

Wollstonecraft

Fought for women's rights

What is the difference between heliocentric and geocentric theory?

Heliocentric means that the Sun is the center of the Galaxy

Geocentric means the Earth is the center of the Galaxy

List the steps of the scientific method.

1. observation
2. hypothesis
3. experiment
4. Conclusion

What is deism?

belief that there is one god but they do not care or interfere with human lives.

What does enlightened despots mean?

When a ruler follows Englighted philosophy (to some extent). (Example being Maria Thersa or Jhosep II)

List at least three new religious movements during this time period other than deism.

Methodism
Hadism
Theism

What did the Clarendon Code do?

Reestablished Anglican Church in England

Which US document was influenced by the English Bill of Rights?

US Bill of Rights

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

None of the above

Which principle states that a person cannot be imprisoned without just cause or trial?

Habeas corpus

Cavaliers

Supported Charles I

Roundheads

Supported by Parliament and Puritans, led by Cromwell

Commonwealth

State ruled by elected representatives

Restoration

Charles II restored to English throne in 1660

Constitutional monarchy

Monarchs powers limited by a Constitution

Whigs

Wanted Catholics excluded from English throne

Tories

Supported hereditary succession to the English throne

Act of Union

United Scotland and England as Great Britain in 1707

Confederation

Loose union of independent states