APWorld Ch. 9

Stuff I guess

Of Japan, Vietnam, and Korea, which country retained the greatest cultural and political independence of China?

Japan

What government did Japan use?

Warrior aristocracy

A type of Buddhism centering on the individual, denying the usefulness of gods and emphasizing living life with moderation to minimize desire and suffering. “Teachings of the Elder”

Theravada Buddhism

A type of Buddhism in which the main goal is to become a boddhisatva, where the Buddha himself is essentially worshipped as a God and the boddhisatvas serve as a pantheon. The “Great Vehicle”

Mahayana Buddhism

A person who attains nirvana but chooses to remain in human company to guide others.

Bodhisattva

Tibetan Buddhist Priests

Lamas

Major port on the Swahili Coast of East Africa which exported a ton of gold annually mined by inland Africans.

Kilwa

Powerful African State situated on the plateau south of the Zambezi. Peaked at 1400 and had an amazing capital, occupying 193 acres with 18,000 inhabitants.

Great Zimbabwe

Economic base of Great Zimbabwe and Mali

Mixed farming and cattle-hearding

Behaviors which led to Great Zimbabwe’s collapse in the 15th century

Logging of wood for firewood and overgrazing with cattle

Castrated male slaves, used in China and Africa

Eunuchs

This trade sold about 2.5 million of its namesake good between 1200 and 1500 with Saharan and Red Sea traders.

Slave trade

Enslaved Africans from this place played important roles in the navies, armies, and administrations of some Indian States.

Swahili Coast

One of the nobles of this man had a harem of 2000, including women from Turkey and China.

Firuz Shah

This port city on the Arabian Peninsula was incredibly important in the Indian Ocean Maritime System.

Aden

This Somali city on the Horn of Africa was important for the slave trade between the Ethiopians and Aden.

Zeila

Turkic Military Slaves

Mamluks

The “Solomonic dynasty” ruled this country from 1270 onwards and boasts descent from the Queen of Sheba.

Ethiopia

Trade route legendarily founded by Zhang Qian, stretching all the way from Mesopotamia to Chang’an.

Silk Road

Main goods traded on Silk Road

Luxury goods

Dynasty for which Zhang Qian (Jian) explored

Han Dynasty

Emperor for which Zhang Qian (Jian) explored

Emperor Wu

Valley where Zhang Qian first encountered Westward flowing rivers past the Taraim Basin. On the border of Central Asia

Ferghana Valley

Chinese explorer who led 18 expeditions to the west, credited with introducing a host of new plants, trees, and new horses.

Empire in Northeastern Iran which played an important part in the Silk Road, serving as intermediaries between Central Asians/Chinese and the Seleucids. They also maintained contact with India stuff.

Parthian Empire

Where Greeks could by Chinese Silk from Parthian traders

Entrepots

Samarkand and Bukhara

Prosperous Central Asian cities

(NOT SILK!) The two most important items traded on the Silk Road

Gunpowder and paper

Things Chinese Farmers adopted from the Silk Road

New Crops

The Silk Road could not function without these people

Nomads

Steppe Nomads described by Herodetous, superb riders, herdsmen and hunters living in Central Asia.

Scythians

What many nomads typically lived in

Yurts

Great conqueror who rebuilt Samarkand, turning it into a great scientific center

Tamerlane

Arab/Muslim Scholar/Traveler. Remarked on many cities - great example of welcomingness of Dar-al-Islam (at least to men)

Ibn Battuta

Idea originating in Tang Dynasty, “flying money” “card”

Credit

Chinese invention which originated in the Song DYnasty and allowed transactions to be way easier - different than credit. “dollar bills”

Paper Money

The origin of Chariot warfare and mounted bowmen

Central Asia

Traders in the West Indian Ocean

Persians and Arabs

Traders in the Eastern Indian Ocean

Malays and Indians

Traders in the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea)

Chinese and Malays

Good that “abounded in the Persian Gulf” and gives it its name

Pearls

Exports of Africa (Luxury wise)

Exotic animals, wood, and ivory

Larger ships made shipments of these goods more profitable

Ordinary goods

Big Chinese Ship

Junk

Smaller Indian Ships, built on the Malabar Coast. Size steadily grew from 1200 to 1500, used in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, among other places.

Dhows

Prosperous Indian City State annexed by Dehli Sultanate in 1298. Important and prosperous due to the expanding trade of the Arabian Sea.

Gujarat

Type of Sail used on Dhow

Lateen Sail

Strait between Indian Ocean and West Philippine (South China) Sea - near Singapore

Strait of Malacca

Chinese Dynasty which sent the Treasure Fleets

Ming

Eunuch Admiral which commanded Seven Key expeditions for the Ming - a Chinese Muslim.

Zheng He

Muslim translator who accompanied Zheng He on 3/7 of his expeditions. Wrote about Calicut

Ma Huan

Portuguese traveler who went to Mozambique and the coast 8 decades after Zheng He, presaging the Portuguese empire in the region.

Vasco de Gama

African City which sent the Emperor of China A giraffe (one of 3 prosperous trading cities on the Swahili Coast to send delegations to The Celestial Kingdom)

Malindi

Places where goods are stored or deposited and from which they are distributed.

Entrepots

Things that provide dependable rainfall in Southeast Asia and the winds which allowed Dhows to sail without oars in the Inidan Ocean.

Monsoon winds

Island of origin of the Austronesians, who settled the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Rapa Nui, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Madagascar, among others.

Taiwan

In 300 BCE, the scarcity of this resource limited Trans-Saharan trade.

Water

This region of sand isolated the coastal, southern regions of the Arabian Penninsula from its interior.

The Empty Quarter

Saharan trade can be linked to the spread of the domestication of this animal

Camel

This Empire/Country destroyed the Songhai - making the Hausa trading cities in central sudan the prime destination for caravans

Morocco

Belt south of the Sahara meaning Coast land in Arabic

Sahel

The good southern traders (Sahara) focused on supplying

Salt

Nuts with caffeine in them

Kola nuts

Place / area in southeastern Africa named after metal

Copperbelt

TRUE OR FALSE, NORTH AFRICA WAS MORE DIVERSE THAN SUB-SHARAN AFRICA

FALSE

Sultan of Mogadishu who hosted Ibn Battuta

Abu Bakr

Evidence for Madagascaran Natives coming from Austronesia (Indonesia specifically)

Bananas, yams, crops

Disease proliferated by the trading routes of the time

Bubonic plague

Traditions steeped in literacy, widespread area, institutionalized

Great traditions

More localized traditions, usually more spiritual, nonliterate

Small traditions

(noun) an inn surrounding a court in eastern countries where caravans rest at night

caravanserai

(verb) to melt rock that contains metal in order to extract ore

smelt

(noun) banned on grounds of morality, taste, or risk

taboo

(noun) to move from one country, location, or place to another

migration

(adjective) a person who has lived in and knows about many different parts of the world

cosmopolitan

(noun) a way of life in which a community has no permanent settlement but moves from place to place, usually seasonally and within defined territory

nomadism

(noun) a large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe and Central Asia…

steppe

(noun)

the science of the origin and development of the universe

cosmology

(verb) to tame an animal and keep it for farm produce or as a pet/companion

domesticate

(noun) a person who spreads or promotes a religious belief

missionary