Medical and Obsterics/Gynecology

Lymphatic System Anatomy and Physiology

supports the immune and circulatory system. It helps remove fluid from tissues, transports white blood cells, and absorbs fatty acids. It also removes toxins and waste from the body. The lymphatic system includes the thymus glands, lymph vessels and glands, spleen, and lymph nodes

Neonates and Infants

A baby is considered a neonate from birth to 1 month. From 1 month to 1 year, a baby is considered an infant. There are many differences between treating an infant and an adult. One significant difference to keep in mind is that, typically, the younger the baby, the faster the respiratory rate and heart rate. Babies tend to be nose breathers and have smaller airways than an older child or adult, which can make them especially vulnerable to airway obstruction.

Early Adults

Early adulthood is considered to be from age 19 to 40. During this time, adults tend to be in their peak physical shape. Vital signs tend to be similar in both early and middle adulthood. Toward the end of early adulthood, changes in the body may take place, including loss of muscle mass, increased body fat, and slowed reflexes. Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for young adults.

Neurologic Emergencies

A neurological emergency involves a condition related to the brain. Some neurological conditions may be life threatening. Neurological emergencies can occur in both children and adults, but are more common in adults.

Stroke

A stroke is a serious medical emergency that can lead to death or permanent brain damage. A stroke occurs due to an interruption of blood flow to the brain, typically because of a clot. When blood flow is interrupted, brain cells can die and temporary or permanent damage can occur. Symptoms include slurred speech, headache, and confusion. Other conditions can mimic a stroke, including hypoglycemia and a postictal state, which occurs after a seizure.

Altered Mental Status

Altered mental status involves a patient not thinking clearly. Many conditions can cause altered mental status, including strokes, seizures, alcohol and drug use, brain injury, hyperglycemia, and brain infection. Since various causes of altered mental status are treated differently, it is essential to continue an assessment to determine the probable cause of an altered level of consciousness (ALOC).