Viruses Pt 2 Microbiology

attachment, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, release

what re the 5 stages of the viral life cycle?

true

True or false: viruses are parasites

attachment

this is the step where the virus binds specific receptors on a host cell

protein:protein

the viral receptor and cellular receptor have ___:___ interactions between them

Tropism

the specific cells a virus can infect

entry/penetration

moving molecules into a cell

endocytosis

what mechanism of moving molecules into a cell is used by all naked viruses and some enveloped viruses?

membrane fusion

how do some enveloped viruses enter the cell?

fusion proteins

membrane fusion requires ___ ___

damage

plant viruses often require ___ to the cell wall in order to penetrate the cell

puncture & inject

how do bacteriophages enter cells?

stays outside the cell

where does the capsid end up in phage entry?

synthesis

the step in which the viruses make genome copies and viral proteins

ribosomes

all viruses require ___ from the host cell for protein production

false

true or false: viruses are not capable of self-assembly

assembly

this is the stage in which the capsid proteins assemble and package the genome

release

this is the stage in which the viruses leave the host cell

naked

___ viruses often cause cell lysis

enveloped

___ viruses are released by budding

enveloped viruses

which type of virus is often the cause of chronic infection?

naked viruses

which type of virus is often the cause of a 1-2 week virus?

bacteriophage

this type of virus infects bacteria

decline

what part of the viral growth curve includes attachment and penetration?

eclipse

what part of the viral growth curve contains assembly and synthesis?

rise

what part of the viral growth curve includes release?

burst size

the amount of viruses in vs out

lytic

does the lytic or lysogenic cycle kill the cell?

lytic cycle

this cycle includes the immediate reproduction of a virus and releases it from the host cell

lysogenic

this cycle integrates the host genome and replicates the virus whenever the host cell divides?

lysogenic

which type of cycle enables the virus to “lay low”

true

true or false: viruses can’t grow on ordinary nutrient media because they require living cells

cell culture, experimental host, bacterial lawn

how do we grow viruses?

plaque assay

standard plate count for viruses

plaque

a clear zone created by virally infected cells

titer

to quantify

ELISA

this is used to detect viruses, viral antigens, and antibodies

false

true or false: the less color, the more virus detected

PCR

what test detects viral genetic material?

false

true or false: prions are viruses

genome

what part of a virus is a prion missing?

prions

these are infectious proteins with no genome that are extremely resistant to normal breakdown mechanisms and cause abnormal protein folding

spongy

how does a brain look after it has been attacked by prions?

host cell receptors

what determines viral tropism?

attachment

what is the first step of the viral life cycle?

synthesis

during which stage are viral proteins produced?

lysis

what process releases most naked viruses?

budding

what process releases many enveloped viruses?

viral genome/DNA/RNA

in a bacteriophage infection, what part enters the bacterial cell?