human anatomy and physiology exam 3 (final exam)

pressure in room air (pATM) = ____ pressure

atmospheric

• when a lung (like bottle) is squeezed the pressure ___ and volume ____

  • Volume is ___ proportionate to pressure

    • if volume ____ , pressure

    • if pressure ___, volume ___

increases, decreases

inversely

decreases, increases

increases, decreases

• when you blow a balloon and let it go, why does if fly around the room

  • the __inside the balloon increases as the ___

  • ____- the tendency for something stretched to want to go back to its natural state (balloon, lung)

• pressure

• elasticity

when you inhale does the pressure of the thoracic cavity go up or down?

down (because volume of thoracic cavity increases)

__ (muscle) makes lungs go up down everything, makes them function

diaphragm

common cause for both bronchitis and emphysema?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)

• __ pleura - inner membrane around outside lung tissue itself

• visceral

__ pleura - outer membrane inside rib cage and diaphragm

parietal

_ cavity - fluid filled potential space between visceral and parietal pleura

pleural

__ __ capacity - the exact moment at the end of a normal exhale when respiratory muscles are completely relaxed, no air moving in our in or at

functional functional

at __/functional residual capacity, elastic recoil force and intrapleural pressure are _, for example:

• intralpleural pressure/suction= __ (expand)

• recoil = +5 (collapse)

• alveoli (alveolar pressure)

  • pressure = __

rest, equal, - 5, 0

__ (transpulmonary) pressure - structural net pressure holding lungs open, calculated by: pressure _ lungs - pressure _lungs

ex:

alveoli pressure (0) - pleural cavity pressure (-5) = recoil (+5)

transmural, inside, outside

more intrapleural pressure than recoil = lung ____, breathing __

• ex: pleural cavity - 8,. recoil +5

expands, in

more recoil than intrapleural pressure, lung ___, breathing __

• ex: pleural cavity = 5 , recoil +8

recoils, out

oxygen to body

__% of oxygen you get into your lungs will get into red blood cell

other___% dissolves into plasma

• 98.5, 1.5

oxygen to body

• in rbc the o2 (oxygen) binds with the hemoglobin (Hb) making __ (_)

• then oxygen seperates from ___ leaving just hemoglobin in rbc and oxygen goes to __ tissues

• oxyhemoglobin, HbO2

• oxyhemoglobin

• skin

carbon dioxide from body to environment

• __ tissues release carbon dioxide (co2) back to _ of red blood cell of blood, _ back to lungs, lungs back to environment

  • when co2 combines with Hb, it creates __ (_)

  • co2 also mixes with water of the rbc, making ___ (__ __), which eventually breaks down in rbc into hydrogren ion (H+) and bicarbonate (_)

    • the H+ can be dangerous alone, so its combined with the hemoglobin making (_) __

    • bicarbonate cant stay in rbc so its taken to __

      • It has negative charge, so __ (chloride) needs to be brought from plasma into _ to compensate

• skin, hemoglobin, blood

• Carbaminohemoglobin, HbCO2

• H2CO3, carbon acid, HCO3-

• HHb, deoxyhemoglobin

• plasma, Cl-, rbc,

carbon dioxide to enr

__% of co2 released from tissues returns to __

• co2 from the plasma is returned to __ and exhaled

  • chrloide shift ccurs agian __ (hco3-) comes into rbc and chloride goes from rbc into _

    • __ hco3- combines with hydrogen (H+) making _ acid h2co3 and seperates again, making water (h20) and carbon dioxide(co2) which is returned to _

  • hemoglobin is combined with returning co2 making __ Hbco2, seperating again, the hemoglobin staying and co2 returning to _

• 1.5, plasma

• alveoli

• bicarbonate, plasm

• bicarbonate, carbonic, alveoli

• carboaminohemoglobin, alveoli